Maintenance Strategy for an Emergency Lighting System

Upkeep Strategy for an Emergency Lighting System Table 1 Term/Abbreviation Definition Programming interface Dynamic Pharmaceutical Ingredient ATEX Climate Explosible (French abbreviation) Feline Classification CCTV Shut Circuit Television cGMP Current Good Manufacturing Practice CMMS Electronic Maintenance Management System CSE Bound Space Entry CTU Focal Test Unit Ex Blast assurance image showed on gear that is reasonable for use in an ATEX region FT Offices Technicians HR HR HSA Wellbeing And Safety Authority HSE Wellbeing, Safety and Environment IR Mechanical Relations IS Irish Standard IFM Incorporated Facilities Management KPI Key Performance Indicator LEL Lower Explosive Limit LVI Fluid Vapor Incinerator NIPBI Novartis International Pharmaceutical Branch Ireland NRL Novartis Ringaskiddy Limited MCB Smaller than usual Circuit Breaker MEWP Portable Elevated Work Platform MTBF Mean Time Between Failure MTTR Mean Time To Repair PB1 Creation Building 1 PB1A Creation Building 1 Annex PB2 Creation Building 2 PM Preventive Maintenance PU Creation Unit QA Quality Assurance SAP Mechanized Maintenance Management System utilized by Novartis SOP Standard Operating Procedure TS Specialized Services VEIS Veolia Environnement Industries Services One could be pardoned for imagining that aggregating an upkeep procedure for a crisis lighting framework would be an insignificant issue to execute. This may perhaps be the situation with a little place of business however our test at Novartis was not an undertaking that could be disparaged. The main interesting point is the size of the site at around 150 sections of land and that crisis lighting by its tendency penetrates each niche and corner. The second is the gigantic accentuation set on security which is reasonable when Seveso mandates are calculated in. Adding to this was the way that until VEIS showed up nearby there was no current methodology for the upkeep of the crisis lighting framework. When the dispatch went to VEIS, actually overnight, we acquired the mammoth errand of reestablishing the framework to full activity and guaranteeing administrative consistence regarding examination and testing. This everything was being happened under the careful eye of existing site staff that might not have been transparently welcome to the idea of an IFM companys appearance on location. There was least an ideal opportunity for VEIS staff to slip into their jobs in this difficult condition. Obviously the initial a half year on location were a rite of passage (yet fortunately not in the strict sense!). Other than quickly accepting assessment and testing obligations, the underlying stages included assembling information on both the amounts of light fittings present and the degree of fix work required. The following stage required gathering with providers to organize parts gracefully. Full reclamation of the framework would then occur couple with continuous assessment and testing. With respect to and testing, there was little space for VEIS to make an altered methodology as the guidelines in I.S. 3217 2013 are very prescriptive. We just needed to make sense of the best and productive approach to convey the necessary execution of such a security basic framework. I accept the skill required from VEIS was not to reexamine a technique for keeping up a crisis lighting framework. Rather it was to execute a procedure, where none existed previously, that worked both as far as consistence to guidelines and guaranteeing most extreme accessibility of a wellbeing basic framework. On this front, we absolutely conveyed. Novartis Ringaskiddy Limited is an API producing plant situated in Co. Plug Ireland. It is a piece of the Novartis worldwide medicinal services organization which is situated in Switzerland. In January 2014, VEIS accepted accountability for the arrangement of an Integrated Facilities Management agreement of 5 years term. This incorporated the accompanying hardware/administrations: Utilities steam boilers, air blowers, air dryers, cooling towers, water treatment, decontaminated water frameworks. Hard Services alarm, gas identification framework, CCTV, roller screen entryways, tidy up room sliding entryways, dock lifts, traveler and cargo lifts, crisis lighting. Delicate Services providing food, cleaning, security, finishing, bug control, inner plants. This was the primary endeavor into the re-appropriating of Facilities Management benefits by Novartis so there was a lofty expectation to learn and adapt for all concerned. My job with VEIS was Technical Team Lead with essential duty over Utilities and Hard Services. Our most quick Task was to execute a Maintenance Strategy for site wide Emergency Lighting. This had fallen into disregard throughout the years; predominantly because of an absence of a committed group to administer its upkeep there had nearly been an impromptu way to deal with testing and fix. Other than my job as Team Lead, the VEIS support group comprised of 2 Facilities Technicians, both with solid past electrical experience. It was concluded that upkeep of the Emergency Lighting framework would be completely self-conveyed with no outside temporary worker inclusion. Figure 1: Novartis Ringaskiddy Limited (Source: PM Group) Figure 1 is an aeronautical perspective on the Novartis Ringaskiddy Limited site (PM Group). Table 2 A Primary Switch Room B Siphon House C Tank Farm D Dissolvable Recovery E LVI F Contractual workers Compound (not in IFM contract scope) G Undertaking Stores (not in IFM contract scope) H PB 2 I PB 1 J PB 1A K Squander Water L Utilities M Specialized Services N QA Labs O Distribution center P Container/HR/Administration Q NIPBI Labs R Security Gate House Table 2 characterizes one after another in order marked focuses in Figure 1. Novartis Ringaskiddy Limited is liable to Seveso orders. These orders are set up to help forestall major mechanical mishaps and guarantee that locales are readied, as far as reaction, for when mishaps happen (European Commission, 2016). Locales are sorted by the measure of risky synthetic concoctions away (Lawlor Technology, 2015). NRL is an upper level Seveso site there are up to 4000m3 of dissolvable synthetic substances put away on location. There are likewise a few Zone 1 and 2 ATEX zones. The HSA (n.d.) characterizes these as: Zone 1 That piece of an unsafe zone where a combustible climate is probably going to happen in ordinary activity. Zone 2 That piece of a perilous territory where a combustible air isn't probably going to happen in typical activity and, in the event that it happens, will exist for a brief period. Another case of a dangerous zone is the Dryer Unloading territory in PB1. During certain creation battles, there is the nearness of Category 3 synthetic compounds here. Access to the zone is carefully disallowed during these occasions. Contact with minute measures of Category 3 synthetic substances can have extreme wellbeing ramifications for an individual (Ader et al, 2005). As a result of the exceptionally risky working setting of the crisis lighting framework, safe work rehearses were fundamental for the VEIS group on the Novartis site. We were required to build up a strategy proclamation for crisis lighting support exercises. This was investigated by the HSE division and a site electrical architect. Alters were performed where fundamental preceding last endorsement. The utilization or conveying of mobile phones was disallowed consistently at NRL. Its significant for this activity the difficult IR condition that VEIS entered toward the start of the IFM contract. It was seen by numerous individuals on location that moving to a redistributed specialist organization would bring about lay-offs for NRL support staff. In all actuality VEIS were entrusted at conveying in territories that were either recently dismissed or needed focal control. Until this acknowledgment had soaked in, most extreme prudence and discretion was required from the VEIS group so as to pick up acknowledgment from the current site staff. During the underlying phases of the VEIS groups appearance on location, there was a faithful spotlight on all parts of our direct. It was of prime significance that the group showed the highest polished methodology and adherence to safe working practices consistently. It was basic that, for our support technique to work, full participation was gotten from existing site staff. This included picking up trust from both administration and floor staff. The Novartis Ringaskiddy site, under the surface, capacities as a gathering of practically self-governing zones. The creation structures, utilities, distribution center, tank ranch squander water territories all have assigned supervisory groups who all have thusly unobtrusive yet unmistakable contrasts in techniques for activity. As crisis lighting is an utility that highlights over the site, the VEIS group needed to figure out how to adjust to the changing social practices so as to make our procedure work. Taking part in a conscious and some of the time practically respectful way was the thing to get done. Here are a portion of the scaffolds that must be crossed: Technique Statement improvement The technique proclamation for crisis lighting upkeep exercises required survey and endorsement from both the HSE procedure security administrator and PB1 electrical designer. The particular perspective to this is neither of the other two site electrical specialists selected to audit or endorse the technique explanation in spite of being given it. See Appendix A for spread page of Method Statement. Arranging Meetings Again there was a change here in that VEIS went to week after week support arranging gatherings in the PB2 creation assembling as it were. This was to guarantee that creation and support organizers knew about up and coming works. This clearly reached out past crisis lighting to all VEIS related upkeep. It likewise guaranteed that the work permitters for the structure had notification ahead of time as assets were tight here

Organisational Behavior Motivation and Developmen †Free Samples

Question: Examine about the Organizational Behavior and Developmen. Answer: Presentation Inspiration is viewed as all representatives inherent energy towards accomplishing and achieving exercises identified with their work environment. Inspiration is a definitive natural drive of people that causes them in taking choices and activities (Reeve, 2014). The inspirational factors in people are influenced by their erudite person, social, organic and enthusiastic components. Nonetheless, inspiration is an unpredictable power, which can't be handily characterized, natural and a main thrust that now and again gets affected by certain outer variables. Inspiration is existent in each person. Each person, representative has a people, occasions, exercises and targets present in their life that drives their inspiration. Along these lines, it very well may be grasped that inspiration towards a specific part of a person's life is existent in their awareness and activities (Weiner, 2013). In the work environment, it is the duty of the business to discover approaches to rouse the inspirational power inside representatives. For the representatives to work in a very inspirational condition, there is a requirement for the nearness of basically satisfying and extraneously cheering components. Representative inspiration covers the parts of worker need satisfaction and working environment desires and other work environment factors that are incredibly useful in empowering worker inspiration. These elements carry out the responsibility of propelling representatives trying for the businesses. Businesses appreciate the need of giving a persuading workplace to their representatives (Heckhausen, 2012). Notwithstanding, numerous businesses neglect to comprehend the significance of this as a main thrust in the accomplishment of their vision and mission. On occasion, managers comprehend the importance however do not have the expertise and information for giving the equivalent to cult ivate worker inspiration. The positive consequences of representative inspiration like innovativeness, expanded efficiency, proactively and strengthening is lost on numerous pioneers. In this report, these variables and their impacts on hierarchical conduct and the general authoritative improvement would be talked about with the assistance of three exact research works, which would be dissected and deciphered to help in the headway of this exploration territory (Herzberg, Mausner Snyderman, 2011). Conversation In the article by Adam Grant and James Berry, The Necessity Of Others Is The Mother Of Invention: Intrinsic And Prosocial Motivations, Perspective Taking, And Creativity the writers talk about the job of inherent inspiration and job it plays in powering inventiveness in people. They have experienced past explores and discovered obscure outcomes. The working environment is getting very unique, information based and dubious, and associations are relying upon representatives increasingly more for age of innovative thoughts (Grant Berry, 2011). For long, researchers and professionals have endeavored to understand the variables inspiring imagination in people. It has been accepted for quite a few years that inventiveness is driven by inherent inspiration. Be that as it may, there have been obscure feelings about the connection between inherent inspiration and imagination. Accordingly, there has been watched a more inside and out and direct endeavor to handle this linkage. The principle ta rget of this article is to examine and comprehend the disarray in regards to the incomprehensible relationship among inherent inspiration and innovativeness. For that, the article takes help of propelled data handling hypothesis from social brain research that helps in offering a proficient hypothetical structure for both explanation and goals of the disparities. What within start of inspired data handling hypothesis is that inspiration shapes mental preparing: assigns especially watch, encode, and hold data that is reliable with their longings. As necessities may be, when operators are particularly persuaded, their wants to learn, analyze their inclinations, and partner with their preferred position will lead them to concentrate on sharp contemplations. Regardless, to pass on imaginative examinations, workers moreover need to manage settlement. Late degrees of progress in inspired data preparing hypothesis recommend that workers are undoubtedly going to manage bolster when they exp erience prosocial motivationthe yearning to profit otherswhich urges them to think about others' points of view. Along these lines, it has been evaluated that when guided by the prosocial inspiration to take others' points of view, workers will channel their trademark inspiration toward passing on insights that are novel, and furthermore significant, moreover satisfying higher innovativeness. The review has given synchronous proof in help uncovering that point of view taking, as conveyed by prosocial inspiration, fortifies the association between trademark inspiration and imagination. In the article by Sharon K. Parker,Uta K. Bindl and Karoline Strauss, Making Things Happen: A Model of Proactive Motivation proactivity has been expressed as a driving procedure that drives the defining of objectives and accomplishing them as well. The creators see a degree of proactive objectives that people can search for after (Parker, Bindl Strauss, 2010). These differ on two estimations: the future they hope to recognize (completing an overwhelming individual fit inside one's workplace, updating the alliance's internal working, or upgrading the association's basic fit with its condition) and whether oneself or circumstance is being changed. The producers at that point see can do, motivation to, and invigorated to inspirational states that incited proactive, target setting and oversee objective trying. Can do inspiration emerges from point of view of self-possibility, control, and (minimal effort. Motivation to inspiration identifies with why somebody is proactive, including reas ons spilling out of characteristic, created, and saw inspiration. Stimulated to inspiration hints began positive stacked with feeling states that instigate proactive objective control. The creators propose progressively distal precursors, including specific complexities (e.g., character, characteristics, learning and limit) and furthermore noteworthy arrangements in initiative, work graph, and social atmosphere, which influence the proactive persuasive states and like this support or forestall proactive objective strategies. In the article by Xiaomeng Zhang and Kathryn M. Bartol, Linking Empowering Leadership and Employee Creativity: The Influence of Psychological strengthening, Intrinsic Motivation, And Creative procedure Engagement the exploration has been made and endeavored a hypothetical model partner attracting initiative with innovativeness through a couple mediating components. Utilizing study data from ace agents and their executives in a gigantic data improvement relationship in China, the examination found that, obviously, enabling authority insistently affected mental sustaining, which along these lines impacted both regular inspiration and innovative procedure commitment. These last two factors at that point influenced innovativeness (Zhang Bartol, 2010). Invigorating part character composed the relationship between enabling authority and mental strengthening, while pioneer solace of inventiveness facilitated the connection between mental fortifying and innovative procedure commitment. This examination makes five distinct kinds of commitment. In any case, the general duty is that the examination has gathered and endeavored a reasonable model that strikingly intertwines enabling administration hypothesis with fundamental innovativeness speculations. Notwithstanding the way that various studies have assessed relationship between authority style and pro inventiveness, engaging initiative has been amazingly truant from thought. In any case, as the examination has fought and particularly outlined, there are solid hypothetical inspirations to imagine that interfacing with initiative will be especially organized to impact stray pieces focal creative results, an inquiry that has been kept up observationally here. The outcomes fortify suggestion by imagination authorities that administration approaches looking out for the underpinnings of inventiveness might be extreme methods for empowering innovativeness. Second, the overview adds to both the initiative and the strengthening conceptual works by looking at and confirming mental sustaining as a mediating instrument through which engaging administration at long last effects specialist innovativeness. Third, the review is interesting in explaining the relationship of mental strengthening with innate inspiration, and furthermore inventive procedure commitment. All the more particularly, the review shows that, clearly, mental fortifying was firmly identified with common inspiration. Fourth, the overview particularly adds to the innovativeness forming by demonstrating the centrality of imaginative procedure commitment in clearing up creative worker results. All the more particularly, two or three inventiveness specialists have exhibited the centrality of dispersing increasingly obvious research insight with respect to the imaginative procedure itself if the view of how innovative results are a specialist is to make. At long last, this review in like way shows intercession by trademark inspiration between menta l bracing and operator inventiveness especially and additionally indirect, through its impact on imaginative procedure commitment. The outcomes show that normal inspiration working through innovative procedure commitment by suggestion impacts creative execution that is more grounded than its brisk impact on inventive execution. Connections to the Articles The three examined articles all arrangement with inspiration and the elements that lead to the inspiration of the representatives in the work environment. The three distinguished components from the article investigation are initiative, proactivity and innovativeness in driving inspiration in the representatives at their working environment. What has been discovered f

So, What Exactly Does a Technical Writer Do

So, What Exactly Does a Technical Writer Do A technical writer is an information communicator who uses his or her technical knowledge to create instructional and technical manuals, assessments, and training guides. A technical writer is also responsible for organizing content into a document to be easily understood by laymen. Technical writers carry out research, create, and deliver information through a variety of media, such as print, electronic, and audio-visual.Professional technical writers represent a valuable resource for managers and technical staff for accomplishing their communications goals, as technical writers create manuals, online help, white papers, project plans, design specifications, and software test plans. With a rise in e-learning, they are also asked to create online training material. Technical writers also assist manufacturers, designers, companies, and clients in developing technical information. Computer and engineering companies often hire technical writers on a full-time basis because they speciali ze in writing technical topics that include medical procedures, computer applications and environmental regulations.Photo by Aaron Burden on UnsplashDuties of technical writersTraditionally, technical writers are synonymous with engineering writers because they perform technical writing in engineering-related industries, such as consumer electronics, aerospace, construction, chemical processing, instrumentation and controls, defense, and many others. Thus, technical writers stress accuracy rather than ideas to produce an accurate, concise, useful, clear, and complete technical documentation. Technical writers should possess editing and proofreading skills to deliver documents that are free of grammatical and stylish errors. Additionally, successful technical writers must write clear and well-organized technical reports.As revealed by Al-Othmany et al. (2012), technical writers must use tables and graphs to present technical information. Tables, charts, and graphs are invaluable aids , to highlight patterns and clarify technical information to the intended audience. When technical writers write reports, they often use illustrations, tables, diagrams, photographs, charts, and drawings to present information more effectively, thereby assisting in providing a professional outlook of the report.Nesbit (2011) notes that a technical writer should perform the duties of both a writer and an editor. Typically, a writer should create documents from scratch and collect data by conducting a literature search and interviews. They also draft and redraft documents by incorporating changes until the documents are completed.The next stage in technical writing is to access the document for clarity, consistency, conciseness, and comprehensiveness, focusing on the organizational and contextual structure of the text and graphical materials. Sometimes, technical writers develop preface, acknowledgments, lists of tables and figures, an index, and a glossary. To eliminate grammatical e rrors from documents, technical writers correct grammatical and syntax mistakes to maintain consistency in spelling, abbreviations, and capitalization.Although, technical writers should be proficient in all the major citation conventions, such as APA, IEEE, MLA, and Chicago styles, when preparing technical documents, IEEE is often used to cite technical documents. Thus, technical writers must become familiarized with IEEE citation style, as it is widely recognized as the preferred format for engineering documents.Photo by Alvaro Reyes on UnsplashProduct development and prototypesBy applying technical knowledge, technical writers may become part of a product development team, conducting product usability studies to improve product design in its prototype stage. Technical writers also carry out research from the library, through personal observation, and Internet research, or often discussions with technical specialists. Technical writers also assist in managing the consistent use of technical content across business departments, such as product development, marketing, manufacturing, and customer relations. Some technical writers prepare grant proposals for institutions and research scientists.Technical writers collect information from users to determine their needs before developing technical documents. Many companies seek for the services of technical writers for product descriptions. Technical product description involves studying product samples and developing a structured format to present information about the product, which is eventually used for marketing purposes.User-friendly manualsTechnical writers also create user manuals for machines, software, and physical devices. Typically, it is challenging for manufacturing companies to sell their products without user guides or manuals. Thus, technical writers develop user-friendly guides or manuals that layman can understand to guide users on the use of products. Moreover, technical writers work together wit h computer support specialists, software engineers, and hardware engineers for the easy flow of information to the project stakeholders during product development and testing. Therefore, technical writers should understand complex information, communicating this information in English that people from different professional backgrounds can understand.The Society of Human Resources Management notes that technical writers develop a framework to maintain efficiency and consistency in technical writing methodology. By following this methodology, technical writers prepare documentation regarding system operations, programming, and user documentation. Technical writers also write plans and maintain user support documentation. To perform these duties efficiently, they must possess technical capabilities, communication proficiencies, organization skills initiatives, teamwork orientation, problem-solving skills and thoroughness.Torin (2018) notes that technical writers are often asked to pro duce technical documents for engineers or technicians. For example, an organization may decide to develop in-house software. They will require a guide that explains step-by-step how to implement the software. Thus, technical writers create documents that will guide engineers in developing this software that meets the company expectations. Torin also revealed that technical writers develop guides for a product. They describe how people use this product without immersion in technical details.Photo by Aleks Dorohovich on UnsplashTools of the technical writerGenerally, technical writers must produce reader-friendly documents that bridge the gap between writers and the target audience. Thus, writers should organize their materials in a clear and logical pattern to enhance user readability. However, technical writers must be proficient in the major technical writing tools to prepare professional writing documents. Using the right tools will make technical writing easy.Microsoft Word is on e of the best technical writing tools to create professional writing work, as it includes an automatic spell checker, track changes, pre-loaded document templates and the ability to save work in PDF, XPS, RTF, plain text format, and many more. Technical writers should also be proficient in image editing tools (Adobe Photoshop), and publishing tools (Adobe FrameMaker, RoboHelp). Adobe RoboHelp is an industry standard authoring tool assisting in creating help systems for web-based applications or desktop. A technical writer should also know how to use a spell check tool. Other tools that can assist technical writers to create professional documents are:Notepad++WordPressMicrosoft VisioImportant qualities of a technical writer are critical thinking skills, being detail-oriented, technical skills, and writing skills. A technical writer must understand highly complex information and explain this technical information in a clear manner. A technical writer should also follow the ethical an d legal considerations when preparing a document. They must be familiar with the law related to trademark, copyright, liability, and contract. They should not write a document that could mislead readers. They must understand areas of law related to proposals, agreement, and project descriptions.Technical writers must also follow the required methodology when creating technical documents. The document development life cycle (DDLC) is generally used to prepare documents, which involves gathering information through interviews, studying existing materials or often using products. The DDLC consists of six phases:Identification of audienceAnalyze information and tasks based on the target audienceInformation architectureDevelop/prepare documentsTechnical and editorial reviewsPublish the documentJob outlook for technical writersThe U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reveals that demand for technical writers is increasing by 10% yearly, projected to increase more than 11% annually by 2026 faster than the national average. A technical writer should have a college degree, often specialize in the fields, such as engineering, computer science, and web design. A job growth for a technical writer is driven by the rapid expansion of technical and scientific products. However, technical writers who can produce training guides and user manuals will enjoy high growth in employment opportunity in the electronics and technology industries.Salary informationThe BLS reports that technical writers earn a median pay of $34.10 per hour or $70,930 per year. However, the highest paid technical writers are those offering technical, professional and scientific services, as well as information and support services, in which their median salary reaches $72,850.ConclusionTechnical writers are professionals who create specialized technical documents, such as medical procedures, computer applications, or environmental regulations. As technical information is increasingly being delivered onli ne or through social media, technical writers must be ready to use interactive Web technologies to blend graphics, text, sound, multidimensional images, and video. Document design is one of the major duties of technical writers for optimal readability and usability.Technical writers use different strategies to create user-friendly documents. When companies produce technical products, such as machines, hand tools, aircraft, hardware, software, and other machines, technical writers are asked to develop the user guides for easy understanding of machines or physical devices. In such, the job outlook of technical writers is promising because of a rise in the number of companies that require the services of technical writers.

Native Americans in the United States and African Americans

Essay on Joel Spring’s Deculturalization and the Struggle for Equality Introduction Joel Spring’s Deculturalization and the Struggle for Equality examines the educational policies in the United States that have resulted in intentional patterns of oppression by Protestant, European Americans against racial and ethnic groups. The historical context of the European American oppressor is helpful in understanding how the dominant group has manipulated the minority groups. These minority groups include Americans who are Native, African, Latin/Hispanic, and Asian. Techniques for deculturalization were applied in attempts to erase the oppressed groups’ previous identities and to assimilate them into society at a level where they could be of†¦show more content†¦government toward Indians in the latter part of the 19th century. An important part of these educational policies was the boarding school designed to remove children from their families at an early age and thereby isolate them from the language and customs of their parents and tribes (p. 32). The Carlisle Indian School in Carlisle, PA became the first boarding school for Native American children in 1879. Here deculturalization methods were employed. From this methodology and perspective, the patronizing term cultural deprivation has come to imply that a group is without culture altogether (Nieto and Bode, 2008, p. 176). One of the perceived deficiencies of Native Americans was their propensity to share which caused the European Americans to label them as socialists which was anathema to the dominant group’s philosophy. Richard Pratt, the founder of the Carlisle School, sought to instill individualism and self responsibility in order to break Indians from a socialist style of sharing. All boarding and reservation schools taught in English with exceptions including some Choctaw and Cherokee schools that utilized bilingual education. In 1928, the Meriam Report reversed the philosophy that isolation of children was required. The new view was that education should occur in one’s family and community. Several decades later, from 1968 to 1990, a number of legislative acts addressed the mistakes of deculturalization. It was not until 1974 that Indian students wereShow MoreRelatedThe Classification Of Native Americans1457 Words   |  6 PagesThe classification of Native Americans by the United States government has long produced tension. Native Americans within the United States are classified using standards that differ from those used to classify other racial or ethnic minorities, specifically African Americans. 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These racial divisions and apartheid have directly impacted the development of the nations, thus shaping the way the current day states and its people function. Apartheid is a â€Å"policy of racial segregation and economic discrimination against non-European†. (Merriam-Webster, 2014) ThisRead MoreRace and Politics in Rebecca Scott’s Degrees of Freedom: Louisiana and Cuba after Slavery640 Words   |  3 Pagesfocuses on the race and politics. The two places that Scott focuses on is the state of Louisiana in the United States, and the country of Cuba. Scott explains how Louisiana slaves are in a situation where they are trying to fight for freedom against the white Americans in order to gain a profit for their work and become free of slavery as well as gain right s in the United States. But in Cuba, slaves and the Cuban natives united in order to gain their freedom from the Spanish which causes a war revolution

The New York Police Department - 1275 Words

In August 2013, Federal Judge Shira Scheindlin ruled that the stop-and-frisk techniques utilized by the New York Police Department (NYPD) violated the constitutional rights of minorities (Stanley). In her ruling, Judge Scheindlin admonished members of the NYPD for stopping people without any articulable reasonable suspicion or probable cause. Judge Scheindlin further opined that the majority of those stopped were males and from a minority population. In her 195-page ruling, Judge Scheindlin ordered the NYPD to begin testing body-worn camera systems for possible implementation. Fast forward one year to August 9th, 2014, when Michael Brown was shot and killed by Officer Daren Wilson of the Ferguson Police Department. This incident shocked the conscious of the American public and forced the conversation of body-worn cameras into the spotlight of American law enforcement tactics and practices. This conversation has centered on whether or not all law enforcement agencies should mand ate the purchase and wearing of body-worn cameras for all officers. Are body-worn cameras a good idea or will this help to create an Orwellian environment (Eason)? Research shows that through the proper implementation of body-worn camera systems law enforcement encounters can become more professional while lowering the amount of force used. Cost is always one of the first discussions that an agency has when discussing the implementation of a body-worn camera system program. These cameraShow MoreRelatedThe New York Police Department1733 Words   |  7 Pagesconstitution. But what are the citizens supposed to do when these two fundamental philosophies suddenly are set in opposition with each other? In New York, the stop-and-frisk law is designed to protect its citizens, and yet it is taking away their constitutional rights. Although in some instances this method is deemed legal, the New York Police Department has adapted the process into one that stems from criminal profiling. Thus, the two ideologies clash in their views. The right-wing emphasizes howRead MoreThe New York City Police Department Essay1761 Words   |  8 Pagesgrowth of violent crime reached its all-time high in New York City. In response to the number of high murder rates in the 1990s, the New York City Police Department realized that their efforts to reduce crime were ineffective. The local news reported that New Yorkers were afraid to wear their jewelry in public. Some reported they had to sprint to the subway exit to avoid victimization when the door opened. The New York City Police Department decided to implement a practice of Stop, Question, andRead MoreA New York Police Department983 Words   |  4 Pagesstation in New York City. Her purse is slung over her shoulder as she reads the railway map. A thief approaches her from behind and snatches the leather handle of her purse from her grip. He dashes away as she helplessly watches him go. The woman does not call the police or even ask passersby for help. She knows no one will come to her aid, especially not the NYPD. Such a scenario is shocking and not a little discomforting, especially when placed in the jurisdiction of the nationally acclaimed New YorkRead MoreThe New York Police Department1510 Words   |  7 Pagesand what kind of new technologies are going to be attach ed to them to ensure police are doing the best job that they can? What about the weapons? Could we be seeing robot cops patrolling our streets any time soon? There are many things the future of policing has in store. Many police departments around the United States have moved from the old run of the mill cars, to fancy cars like Dodge Chargers and Hummers with all the bells and whistles. In fact, The New York Police Department is now workingRead MoreThe New York Police Department945 Words   |  4 Pagesthe 1990s, New York City was filled with violent crime. In the events of recent police shootings, citizens could not help but fear the possibility of the city going back to how it was during the 1990s and earlier violent era times. However, recent studies and reports have indicated that the city has never been as dangerous and violent as it was in earlier times. As by 2015, a modest decrease in the rate of serious reported crimes was noteworthy. Reports by the New York Police Department (NYPD), haveRead MoreThe New York Police Department1895 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract This critical analysis details the actions of the New York Police Department, during the event of 911, which took place in New York City on September 11, 2001. This information will give insight on what occurred that day and explore what the New York Police Department did in response to the attack. The information is expected to lead to discussion of the problems that the criminal justice agency had, during the 911 attack and what could have been done to make them more effective. This analysisRead MoreAn Argument For The New York Police Department1618 Words   |  7 PagesAn Argument for The New York Police Department New York Police Department and abbreviated NYPD, is a police state belonging to the city of New York. New York Police specialize in the most important issues in American history by searching for the killer and the dimensions of the drug phenomenon and the fight against terrorism and chase the criminals and invalidate booby-traps, New York Police Department was founded in 1845. It is the largest police force in the United States, which has key responsibilitiesRead MoreThe New York s Police Department1432 Words   |  6 Pagesexperience differ criminal activities within their jurisdiction. For example, New York’s Police Department would be heavily investigating criminally funded Organized Crime Enterprises, whereas, the Seattle Police Department would have a larger interest in the broad category of violent crime enforcement associated with Domestic Violence. Covering 3.79 million square miles, law enforcement from coast to coast will develop their department in which best serv es their targeted criminal behaviors. What is evidentRead MoreThe New York City Police Department Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pagesgrowth of violent crime reached its all-time high in New York City. In response to the number of high murder rates in the 1990s, the New York City Police Department realized that their efforts to reduce crime were ineffective. The local news reported that New Yorkers were afraid to wear their jewelry in public. Some reported they had to sprint to the subway exit to avoid victimization when the door opened. The New York City Police Department decided to implement a practice of Stop, Question, andRead MoreThe New York City Police Department3455 Words   |  14 PagesHandouts 1-5 University Of Laverne Ali Mohammed Alahbabi Suzanne Beaumaster, Ph.D. Handout (1) Name of the Organization The name of the organization is the New York City police department popularly known as the NYPD. Your position in the organization None, I do not work at NYPD. Field: what do they produce/do? Naturally, the police department must strive to maintain law and order among the citizens of its locale. This means they have to act out against criminals and criminal activities. Criminal

A life of ones own Free Essays

If you wanted to discover how to find your own happiness, start examining yourselves and take a glance on this book entitled A Life of One’s Own by Joanna Field. This is a book that merely touches every reader’s mind and heart. There are 10 remarkable facts about this book. We will write a custom essay sample on A life of ones own or any similar topic only for you Order Now First is that it was written by Marion Milner, she uses the pseudonym Joanna Field in writing this book She was 34 years old then when she wrote the book. It is about a diary of a young woman who is candidly questioning herself and what she is doing with her life. (The International Journal of Psychoanalysis 2001,p.609-611). The basis of this writing is her own personal intimate diary that she kept over many years and was finally published in this book in 1934. (amazon.com)The book cited different events in the author’s life and done in a matter like she was writing in a Diary which is exposed to all people. Emotion is one great key in an individual’s happiness because according to her which was also cited in the book, â€Å"I want to draw and study a few things closely by feeling, not thinking.† A lot of her entries started with â€Å"I want.†(Field 1934). In this book she tries to summarize her discoveries in terms of psychic bisexuality in all of us realizing that: she ‘had not understood at all that a feminine attitude to the universe was really just as legitimate, intellectually and biologically, as a masculine one’ – and just as necessary for both women and men (amazon.com). Marion Milner is an English psychologist who was born in London in 1900 and in her book she cited the wide-focus mode of paying attention.(MacDonald’spp.96-97) Here the term that best describes her point of view is the term focus wherein we should always try to center our best to what we truly aim in our life and strive hard to reach the goal. According to Milner herself, her aim for doing the book is to find out what are the experiences that really made her happy. She tries to pick out those moments in her daily life which had been particularly happy and tries to record them in words. She goes over these records in order to see where happiness occurred. (Tacher/Putnam 1981,preface) Being mindful of our own actions is one key point that should be taken out by the readers. There’s one remarkable thought cited in the book â€Å"I came to the conclusion then that â€Å"continual mindfulness†. . . must mean, not a sergeant major-like drilling of thoughts, but a continual readiness to accept whatever came.† (Field 1934, 8June). If you are going to ask me why there is a need for you to read this book is because of three precious reasons: First, it makes you discover your true self and be mindful of all your actions. Next is for you to find out what can really make you happy, your likes and dislikes.   and lastly if you have questions like what to do and how to live the way you really wanted to be happy, start reading and reflecting on this book. References Field, Joanna. (1934) A Life of One’s Own. 8June Macdonald, Copthorne. Comments about Open Focus,   Toward Wisdom pp. 96-97 Tacher, Jeremy P. (1981) from the author’s 1934 Preface http://www.amazon.co.uk/Life-Ones-Own-Joanna-Field/dp/0860688216/ref=pd_rhf_p_1 http://www.painterskeys.com/clickbacks/discipline.htm How to cite A life of ones own, Essays

Film Summary Crash Essay Example For Students

Film Summary Crash Essay In the crime-drama film, Crash, several stories of social injustice are portrayed negatively across the city Los Angeles, California. The film discusses the issue of racism towards both individuals and oppressed groups. These character stories: a racist white police officer, a black detective, his brother and a gang member; a rich white business man and his wife, a Persian family that owns a convenience store; a black TV producer and wife; a Hispanic locksmith and daughter all suffer from discrimination based on their race and ethnicity. Crash captures the realism of these situations happening on a day-to-day basis and the struggle for people to decide what is right and wrong for themselves. The conflict throughout the film is brought in by the characters mind set on certain stereotypes for certain races. John Ryan (Matt Dillon), the white LVPD police officer calls the local clinic to find he is speaking to a black women when she answers the phone as Shaniqua Johnson. In seconds John replies, oh big fu*king surprise that is ? making an assumption based on a stereotype of her name and hangs up. When John visits the clinic in person and is greeted by Shaniqua, he is refused the help he needs and continues to insult her. This, however is a case where the victim has more power over the victimizer, which is uncommon. The other case happens more frequently in the movie. The Persian immigrant family has a broken lock and door on their store so they call the Hispanic locksmith for repairs. The locksmith switches the lock and tells the owner the door has to be changed in order for it to lock to work, creating an argument between the two. The next day the store is broken into and the Persian owner is left blaming the locksmith that he broken in, based on his race, not the facts. Over and over unfair stereotypes are engraved on groups negatively that only result in conflict. Crash also demonstrates that if stereotypes are created it may be more reason for some people to follow them. Just before two black gang members steal a couples SUV, they look to each other as the wife clings on to her husband while they walk by Look around you, you couldnt find a whiter, a safer, better lit part of this city right now, but yet this white woman sees two black guys that look like UCLA students strolling down the sidewalk and the reaction is blind fear. ? From the ladys perspective, it is obvious she is scared of the two men, but later in the movie she mentions she did not intentionally mean to be racist. Does this make stereotypes a part of the way we behave and live life? There is no instance where racism portrays a positive outcome. Whether it is towards someone, or against you, the effects are all prejudice. Paul includes an example where the Hispanic locksmiths family being almost broken apart because of the convenience store owners discrimination. The owner assumed the locksmith was the one to break into his store and threatened to kill him family soon after. Or when one of the black gang members hitched a ride with a white man. The black man wanted to show him something in his pocket and before he even had the chance the white man pulled a gun and shot him. This ultimately shows that he assumed the worst in this man when all he wanted to share with him was a keychain he saw as good luck charm that resulted with his life was taken. Finally Crash includes how racial discrimination can be ended. When Jean (Sandra Bullock) the rich wife falls down the stairs, unable to get up, she calls her best friend to come over. Her supposed best friend ? though chooses to get a massage instead of come help. Jean instead called her Mexican maid, Maria whom she treats unfairly all the time. Maria then takes care of her bringing Jean to an epiphany that her only true friend is Maria. .udfca7d9b415ab0a03e8e626c9f215f93 , .udfca7d9b415ab0a03e8e626c9f215f93 .postImageUrl , .udfca7d9b415ab0a03e8e626c9f215f93 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udfca7d9b415ab0a03e8e626c9f215f93 , .udfca7d9b415ab0a03e8e626c9f215f93:hover , .udfca7d9b415ab0a03e8e626c9f215f93:visited , .udfca7d9b415ab0a03e8e626c9f215f93:active { border:0!important; } .udfca7d9b415ab0a03e8e626c9f215f93 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udfca7d9b415ab0a03e8e626c9f215f93 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udfca7d9b415ab0a03e8e626c9f215f93:active , .udfca7d9b415ab0a03e8e626c9f215f93:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udfca7d9b415ab0a03e8e626c9f215f93 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udfca7d9b415ab0a03e8e626c9f215f93 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udfca7d9b415ab0a03e8e626c9f215f93 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udfca7d9b415ab0a03e8e626c9f215f93 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udfca7d9b415ab0a03e8e626c9f215f93:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udfca7d9b415ab0a03e8e626c9f215f93 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udfca7d9b415ab0a03e8e626c9f215f93 .udfca7d9b415ab0a03e8e626c9f215f93-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udfca7d9b415ab0a03e8e626c9f215f93:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Animated television series EssayIn conclusion, the film Crash provides a strong message of the situations racial discrimination portrays in society daily. The stereotypes people have enforced, are now a part of life, whether its intentional or not. What makes the movies message more powerful and persuasive than others is that Haggis leads the audience to choose what they truthfully believe is the right versus wrong rather than just tell you what is. Altogether, Crash demonstrates the realism of social injustice throughout our societies by racial and ethnicity discrimination.

Online Shopping Essay Sample free essay sample

More and more people are making online shopping presents. Why? If this tendency continues. what do you believe will be the effects? Shoping fuels economic systems worldwide. In our complex life style. shopping has been a major activity and that is the ground. our streets are lined up with shopping finishs – stores. superstores. promenades and so on. But since few old ages. methods of shopping have been altering. thanks to the cyberspace. When the construct of e-shopping was introduced. no 1 anticipated that it would steep the full universe. The chief ground behind popularity of on-line shopping is easy entree to internet. Due to advent in the field of scientific discipline and engineering one does non necessitate to utilize computing machines to surf the cyberspace. Even appliances such as cell phones. laptops. i-pads et cetera have inbuilt characteristics that allow cyberspace surfboarding. Again. the figure of cyberspace users has been billowing continuously. We will write a custom essay sample on Online Shopping Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Normally. most of these users are members of societal networking sites. which are really popular for advertisement merchandises. Not merely this. online sites dedicated for e-shopping are besides being launched so that consumers get a glance of internationally popular trade names and besides those that compete to last in local markets. Furthermore. convenience is besides the ground purchasers prefer on-line shopping. Gone are the yearss when shopping required to be a planned activity that needed much clip. E-shopping can be done inadvisably and there are assorted payment options and attractive price reduction offers that lure possible buyers. Not merely techno savvy persons but besides common work forces are smart plenty to compare monetary value lists on countless shopping web sites before puting orders. Furthermore. earlier. people used to be disbelieving about the quality of merchandises sold online. But cut-throat competition has improved services to such an extent that purchasers get prompt bringing and confidence of refund or replacing in instance they are non satisfied with merchandises they buy on-line. Effectss of e-shopping are non merely positive but besides negative. Equally far as positive 1s are concerned. along with convenience. clip saved from shopping can be utilized instead. In this fast paced life clip saved is clip earned. In add-on. consumers get exposure to legion merchandises and services. and Sellerss can make all the possible purchasers in the cyber infinite. On the down sides. e-shopping encourages unprompted purchasing and many merchandises are ordered unnecessarily. Furthermore. online payments have proved hazardous as people give their confidential information for fiscal minutess. Fraud is besides really common as after doing payment. substandard merchandises may be delivered. As there is no direct contact of purchasers and Sellerss. such incidents are really common. Overall. every development brings jobs and online shopping is no exclusion. Buyers should be witting plenty to verify genuineness of Sellerss. It is certain that the face of market is traveling to change wholly due to e-shopping.

Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society

Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society President Lyndon B. Johnson’s Great Society was a sweeping set of social domestic policy programs initiated by President Lyndon B. Johnson during 1964 and 1965 focusing mainly on eliminating racial injustice and ending poverty in the United States. The term â€Å"Great Society† was first used by President Johnson in a speech at Ohio University. Johnson later revealed more details of the program during an appearance at the University of Michigan. In implementing one of the most impactful arrays of new domestic policy programs in the history of the U.S. federal government, the legislation authorizing the Great Society programs addressed issues such as poverty, education, medical care, and racial discrimination. Indeed, the Great Society legislation enacted by the United States Congress from 1964 to 1967 represented the most extensive legislative agenda undertaken since the Great Depression era New Deal of President Franklin Roosevelt. The flurry of legislative action earned the 88th and 89th Congress the moniker of the â€Å"Great Society Congress.† However, the realization of the Great Society actually began in 1963, when then-Vice President Johnson inherited the stalled â€Å"New Frontier† plan proposed by President John F. Kennedy before his assassination in 1963. To succeed in moving Kennedy’s initiative forward, Johnson utilized his skills of persuasion, diplomacy, and extensive knowledge of the politics of Congress. In addition, he was able to ride the rising tide of liberalism spurred by the Democratic landslide in the 1964 election that turned the House of Representatives of 1965 into the most liberal House since 1938 under the Franklin Roosevelt administration. Unlike Roosevelt’s New Deal, which had been driven forward by sweeping poverty and economic calamity, Johnson’s Great Society came just as the prosperity of the post-World War II economy was fading but before middle and upper-class Americans began to feel the decline   Johnson Takes Over the New Frontier Many of Johnson’s Great Society programs were inspired by the social initiatives included in the â€Å"New Frontier† plan proposed by Democratic Senator John F. Kennedy during his 1960 presidential campaign. Although Kennedy was elected president over Republican Vice President Richard Nixon, Congress was reluctant to adopt most of his New Frontier initiatives. By the time he was assassinated in November 1963, President Kennedy had persuaded Congress to pass only a law creating the Peace Corps, a law increase in the minimum wage, and a law dealing with equal housing. The lingering national trauma of Kennedy’s assassination created a political atmosphere that provided Johnson an opportunity to gain Congress’ approval of some of JFK’s New Frontier initiatives. Harnessing his well-known powers of persuasion and political connections made during his many years as a U.S. Senator and Representative, Johnson swiftly managed to gain congressional approval of two of the most important laws forming Kennedy’s vision for the New Frontier: The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination in employment based on race or gender and banned racial segregation in all public facilities.The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 created the U.S. Office of Economic Opportunity, now called the Office of Community Services, charged with eliminating the causes of poverty in America. In addition, Johnson secured funding for Head Start, a program that  still provides free preschool programs for disadvantaged children today. Also in the area of educational improvement, the Volunteers in Service to America, now known as AmeriCorps VISTA, program was created to provide volunteer teachers to schools in poverty-prone regions.    At last, in 1964, Johnson got a chance to start working toward his own Great Society. Johnson and Congress Build the Great Society The same Democratic landslide victory in the 1964 election that swept Johnson into his own full term as president also swept many new progressive and liberal Democratic lawmakers into Congress.    During his 1964 campaign, Johnson famously declared the â€Å"war on poverty,† to help build what he called a new â€Å"Great Society† in America. In the election, Johnson won 61% of the popular vote and 486 of 538 electoral college votes to easily defeat ultra-conservative Republican Arizona Sen. Barry Goldwater. Drawing on his many years of experience as a legislator and strong Democratic control of Congress, Johnson quickly began to win passage of his Great Society legislation. From January 3, 1965, to January 3, 1967, Congress enacted: The Wilderness Act, which protected over 9 million acres of forestland from development;The Voting Rights Act banning literacy tests and other practices intended to deny African-Americans the right to vote;The Elementary and Secondary Education Act providing federal funding for public schools;The Social Security Amendments of 1965, which created Medicare and Medicaid;The Older Americans Act of 1965 creating a wide range of home and community-based services for older Americans;The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 ending discriminatory immigration quotas based on ethnicity;The Freedom of Information Act making government records more easily available to the people; andThe Housing and Urban Development Act providing funding specifically for construction of low-income housing. In addition, Congress enacted laws strengthening the anti-pollution Air and Water Quality Acts; raised standards ensuring the safety of consumer products; and created the National Endowment for the Arts and Humanities. Vietnam and Racial Unrest Slow the Great Society Even as his Great Society seemed to be gaining momentum, two events were brewing that by 1968 would seriously jeopardize Johnson’s legacy as a progressive social reformer. Despite the passage of anti-poverty and anti-discrimination laws, racial unrest and civil rights protests – sometimes violent - grew in frequency. While Johnson would continue to use his political power in an attempt to end segregation and maintain law and order, few solutions were found. Even more damaging to the goals of the Great Society, ever larger amounts of money originally intended to fight the war on poverty was being used to fight the Vietnam War instead. By the end of his term in 1968, Johnson suffered criticism from conservative Republicans for his domestic spending programs and by his fellow liberal Democrats for his hawkish support for expanding the Vietnam War effort.    In March 1968, hoping to prompt peace negotiations, Johnson ordered a near halt to American bombing of North Vietnam. At the same time, he surprisingly withdrew as a candidate for re-election to a second term in order to devote all of his efforts to the quest for peace. While some of the Great Society programs have been eliminated or scaled back today, many of them, such as Medicare and Medicaid programs of the Older Americans Act and public education funding endure. Indeed, several of Johnson’s Great Society programs grew under Republican presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. Although Vietnam War-ending peace negotiations had begun when President Johnson left office, he did not live to see them completed, dying of a heart attack on January 22, 1973, at his Texas Hill Country ranch.

Votes for Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Votes for Women - Essay Example He was in a very powerful position, as there was no Liberal MP who could even try to oppose him. It is well known that Asquith was totally against the campaign for women's vote right. Partly this was so because of the way he considered the voting: he did not think there was need for each individual to need to have a vote, he considered that such representation was more an issue of representing a class or community. That is why one man could represent the ideas of all of his family. Moreover, there were lots of serious problems facing the Parliament within 1900 - 1914, and Asquith was sure that "women's rights to vote" was a minor issue. In addition he paid no attention to demonstrations while he was sure that they did not reflect people's thinking. There was another aspect. If the law giving women the vote was ever going to be passed, it would have to happen in the Parliament. That means that such parties as the Liberals, the Conservatives and the Labour Party would have a part to play. It is false to think that all male politicians were opposed to female suffrage. In fact the Labour Party supported it, and leading Labour figures were deeply involved in the case. A substantial part of the Liberal Party supported it as well, together with many leading Liberals, including Churchill, Sir Edward Grey, and Lloyd George. Nevertheless there was much opposition to it among the Conservatives, as was vividly depicted in conservative Lord Curzon's speech in 1912. In society those who were against the female suffrage used a wide range of arguments, in 1900 many of the opponents to the movement simply considered that it was self evident that women were not intended to vote. To put it differently women should not have the vote because they simply were females. This was probably the position of most citizens in the country. It is worth mentioning that when people began to rationalise the opposition, occurred women who spoke out against female suffrage. The first group of people who opposed the movement were the people who considered the system to be fine and could not be improved further. Those people objected to giving anyone who was not already eligible to vote the right to do so. They had the vote right themselves, and feared any franchise extension. An elitist system of government and objection of widening the democracy was their major belief. As the debate over enlargement the pool of voters grew, arguments against women's suffrage began to occur. One of them was that all government, in England and in the Empire, rests on physical force, which women do not possess, or do not want to contribute to it because of their constitution. The idea is that women are too physically weak and it is not in their nature to be soldiers. The second aspect of the argument was that women influence would evidently help the introduction of pacifism into society. In relation to the Empire there were two further argument lines. One meant that if women got opportunity to gain power in Britain, a demand for the

The Hypocrisy of Civilized Society as a Major Theme in Huckleberry Research Paper

The Hypocrisy of Civilized Society as a Major Theme in Huckleberry Finn - Research Paper Example It's also where he gained a lot of the experience he would need to create The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Although these were essentially children's stories, Twain had a tendency to create stories with a much deeper meaning underneath the charm and the humor. He encouraged his readers to plunge the depths of their understanding and adapt their behavior to a more accurate reflection of their inner beliefs (Railton, 2007). In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain blatantly criticizes the hypocrisy of 'civilized' society as he ridicules religion, satirizes education, criticizes slavery, and exposes aristocratic characters. Twain Ridicules Religion Religion was a particular sore spot with Twain and he expresses his disdain of it through the characters of the Widow Douglas and Miss Watson. These poor ladies remain obediently devout through everything, without seeming to realize that their belief structures are almost entirely contradictory. Huck sums it up when he's out thinking i n the woods, "I judged I could see that there was two Providences, and a poor chap would stand considerable show with the widow’s Providence, but if Miss Watson’s got him there warn’t no help for him any more" (23). ... Even though the families sit calmly together in church, the feud begins again the moment they step foot off of church property: "The men took their guns along, so did Buck†¦The Shepherdsons done the same. It was pretty ornery preaching- all about brotherly love, and such-like tiresomeness;† (129), but the families don't hear any of it. Even with the church pleading with them to put aside their fight, it is the feud rather than the church that has the greatest influence on them. â€Å"Worse than the mindless, inherited pattern of the feud, however, is the fact that it serves no purpose, since the original cause of the conflict long has been forgotten.† (Wright 90). This experience has a profound effect on Huck's later decisions. When it comes time for Huck to decide whether to turn in his friend Jim as a runaway slave, Huck decides it would be better to go to hell. â€Å"I took it up, and held it in my hand. I was trembling, because I’d got to decide, forever , betwixt two things, and I knowed it. I studied a minute, sort of holding my breath, and then says to myself: ‘All right, then, I’ll go to hell’- and tore it up† (223). â€Å"Huck's justly celebrated crisis of conscience, which culminates in his resolve to free Jim, even if doing so condemns him to hell† (Smith 8) is made a bit easier by his understanding of how others observed their religion. Twain Satirizes Education It is an indication of his depth of satire that Twain uses Huck, an almost completely uneducated narrator, to point out the depth of society's corruption including its failures within the educational system. He doesn't see much use for it in any of his interactions with others. For example, Tom

The Feudal System And Society

The Feudal System And Society Feudalism was the prevailing form of political organization in the western and central Europe. It was a system which was managed well with a small number of people; where order was able to stand its ground in the local environment. Unfortunately it didnt favor such a large number of people. Loyalty was only kept between the government and those individuals who had the military power and wealth. This could be seen as partial to the rest of the society because they were considered less important than those in authority. The Feudal System and the Feudal society Introduction According to Platt and Matthews (2000), Feudalism is a military and political system based on personal loyalty and kinship. It was the type of government that existed in some parts of Europe where political power is exercised locally by private individuals rather than through the bureaucracy of a centralized state. Feudalism was adopted in the early middles ages under the Franks to help stabilize Western Europe and expanded under Charlemagne. It is seen as a transitional stage which may follow the collapse of a unified political system. The term has been used to describe political practices in various areas and times in world history for instance in ancient Egypt and in twelfth-century Japan, but the most famous of all feudal patterns emerged in France following the collapse of Charlemagnes empire (Platt and Matthews, 2000). The Feudal System Over the generations, feudalism became a complex web of agreements, rituals and obligations. In general, there are two tiers in the feudal system namely, the lord and the vassal. A written agreement outlined the duties and obligations of the lord and vassal. Typically, the former gave military protection to his vassals and settled disputes among them. The latter in turn offer financial and military aid to the lord. The former usually has massive feudal wealth that includes lands, manor houses and the serfs, collectively called the feudal estates (fief). The feudal lord gives the vassals the feudal estates to supervise as one of the obligations of vassalage. The contract entered into by lord and vassal was usually considered sacred and binding upon both parties (Platt and Matthews, 2000). Origin and Foundation of the Feudal System Feudalism was founded on the relationship between the lord and the vassal, even though the form of the institution varied geographically. The first type of feudalism was observed in northern France, around Paris. The various parts of Europe that practiced this feudal system of government adopted the French version and modified it to fit their local needs. Those who profited from feudalism retained the institution as long as possible, so that well into the twentieth century its vestiges were evident in central Europe and Russia (Platt and Matthews, 2000). Feudalism existed in those areas until the emergence of revolution wiped it off. The chivalric code In the early eleventh century, the chivalric code was used to define the hierarchical feudal social order. The chivalry was a warrior code that was rooted in Christian values. It was an ideal that urged the vassals respect one another and honor their lord. The vassals were expected to be brave, strong and honest and to protect the weak from danger. However, the French clergy modified the code by initiating the Peace of God, a call for an end to fighting at specified times. The clerics also advised the vassal to treat women and peasants carefully. Both the Peace of God and the notion of protected classes were incorporated into the heart of a refined version of the chivalric code by the twelfth century (Platt and Matthews, 2000). The Peasants Chivalry and feudalism protected the interests of the peasants, who constituted the vast majority of the population. The peasants were divided into two categories namely: the serfs and the slaves. The latter was considered to be the personal belongings of the lord, whereas the former was not. In order to live on the lords land, the serfs worked for him. Nevertheless, the serfs had a few legal rights, especially in France and England (Platt and Matthews, 2000). The teachings of the church on the inhumanity of slavery in the eleventh-century Europe helped abolish the practice, but serfdom was deep-rooted. Conflict with the Feudal System Towards the beginning of High Middle Ages, a new trend started to oppose the dominance of the feudal system. Free individuals from many parts of Europe began to pursue their economic goals in various towns. A lot of Europeans migrated to the new urban areas and the population there increased over time. As the towns grew larger and urban life became competitive, the residents formed associations, called guilds, for example, the artisan and crafts guilds. The primary role of these groups is to protect the interests of the town dwellers. The vibrant urban economic life gradually started to clash with the interest of the feudal system. With the objective of preventing the intrusion of the feudal system, urban dwellers founded self-governing towns, called communes. The political independence of the towns stimulated economic growth. Conclusion Feudalism was adopted in the early middles ages under the Franks to help stabilize Western Europe and expanded under Charlemagne. The feudal system was divided mainly into the lord and the vassal. The duties and obligations of the lord and vassal were outlined by a written agreement. Feudalism itself was founded on the relationship between the lord and the vassal. Feudalism was first observed in northern France, around Paris. The chivalry was a warrior code that was rooted in Christian values; it was an ideal that urged the vassals respect one another and honor their lord. This code was later modified by the French clergy in order to pronounce a call to end of fighting. The peasants were a group of people that constituted a large part of the population; they were divided into serfs and slaves and their interests were protected by Chivalry and feudalism. As the towns grew larger and urban life became competitive, the residents formed groups and the primary role of these groups was to protect the interests of the town dwellers. Gradually the feudal system started to vanish as well as the lively economic life the urban had which later gave birth to political independence in the towns.

Mountainside Industries consultant report Essay

Upon analyzing the ongoing problems facing Mountainside Industries in effort to increase efficiency and reduce production cost. Company-wide resolutions must be implemented. This report comes to the following conclusion that in efforts to rectify the proceeding situations, Mountainside Industries should implement the following; communicate to all employees a shared vision for the company’s future, reconstruct the administrative framework, encourage employees to take initiative, and planning and implementing a proper payroll system that will result in smoother operations and efficiency. Shared Vision of Company’s Future Creating a clear and effective future company vision delivers many benefits to the business. Not only does a clear, shared vision help define the values of a company and its employees, but it also helps guide the behavior of all employees. A strong vision also leads to improved productivity and efficiency, in which seems to be a growing problem for Mountainside Industries. With a clearly communicated vision, Mountainside Industries will encourage involvement from its employees and create a sense of shared vision that will enable the organization to realize the benefits associated with a strong sense of vision. It is important to create this company-wide vision in order to benefit the company. Restructuring the Administrative framework at Mountainside Industries If the company aims to resolving the occurring issues with its employees, it is important for the company to employ a proper leadership style. The improper management strategies of the Administrative System at Mountainside Industries, in conjunction with lack of proper communication has caused the financial status of the industry to become unsteady. Currently, a major issue lies between the manager’s more authoritative approach in which the workers feel obliged to respect the leader, as opposed to the more lenient  operations occurring prior to the new leadership changes that has caused productions to slow. In order to resolve these issues, the company should introduce a â€Å"Code of Ethics† that both administrative and production employees must abide by to keep from any future employee/management complications from arising. This will resolve the current resentment tissues that the employees have incurred for management, and will improve the relationship between mana gement and employee. Encourage Employees to Take Initiative In order to encourage employees to become more involved within the company, the need for employees to take initiative on their own to do what needs to be done is the best way to insure the company’s future as profitable. The problem that pertains at Mountainside Industries is that the company lacks in treating all members of the company as valuable, which remains to be a major issue. The workers are unhappy because they feel that there is unfair treatment occurring leading them feel discouraged and invaluable. Employees need to be encouraged and rewarded for being involved, as well as taking initiative, and sharing ideas. In addition to helping the organization save money by reducing costs, improving processes, and delight the company’s ethics, taking initiative makes the employee’s job much more exciting encouraging them make things happen. A company that encourages their employees to get involved in the decision making process will encourage employees to become more involved as well as increase productivity within the company. Planning and Implementing a Proper Payroll System In order to increase company efficiency, the company should implement a payroll system that compensates employees according to their productivity output and efficiency. Currently, workers complain that the wages are low, and turnover is high among the young males, which they then compensate for by taking breaks or taking home with them company materials, causing production cost to increase and efficiency levels to decrease. A proper payroll system will improve the efficiency of the workforce, and increase  production due to monetary incentives. Rewarding workers for their efforts will keep the workforce from veering off their intended duties, thereby reducing employee turnover and costs. It is vital for the company to implement a proper payroll system if they are to entourage workers cut costs and increase efficiency to insure the company’s future goals are reached.

Avenida Ninos Heroes

â€Å"Avenida Ninos Heroes† and â€Å"Halls of Montezuma† both pay tribute to the US – Mexico War. Provide a context for each and what they commemorate. During the battle aimed to capture the fortress in Chapultepec Castle, six brave cadets effused to surrender upon the retreat order of General Bravo against the US Forces. These were Juan de la Barrera (lieutenant), Agustin Melgar, Juan Escutia, Vicente Suarez, Francisco Marquez and Fernando Montes de Oca.After the fall his five comrades, Cadet Juan Ecuita wrapped himself with the Mexican flag and jumped off the castle. The US commander in charge paid an honorable salute to the bravery and patriotism portrayed by the soldier. Now, a mural was decorated on the ceiling of the castle showing the patriotism of the six soldiers particularly Ecuita and the Mexican flag, there is also a monument in Chapultepec Park honoring their valor. These cadets are more popularly known in the Mexican history as the as the Los Ninos Heroes or Heroic Cadets.In September 1847, under the command of Army General Winfield Scott, Army Brig. Gen. John Quitman led a pack of 120 handpicked Marines in a historical battle to subdue the Hill of Chapultepec. The Hill of Chapultepec, more popularly referred to as the Halls of Montezuma stood 200 feet high surrounded by a 12-foot wall. The fortress was defended by a total of 400 men, 300 of which were from the Batallon de San Blas under Lieutenant Colonel Felipe Xicotencatl, and roughly 100 more garrison soldiers and the cadets.It took one hour and a half, to suppress the resistance and the American flag fund it way waving up the hill as a sign of victory. Ninety percent of the Marines died in this conquest. And to pay tribute to this distinct heroism, the opening lyrics of the official US Marine’s Hymn, â€Å"†¦. the Halls of Montezuma† was referred her as the Chapultepec Castle. Moreover, the corps included a blood stripe in their blue dress uniform. 2. What is chattel slavery and how was it institutionalized in the British North American colonies?Chattel slavery is the most common type of slavery in the American history. It is characterized by the master’s provision of property and money towards the slave in exchange for service like all sorts of labor and oftentimes sexual servitude. Basically, this social status is inherited to the next cohort, that is, the later generations are expected to do the same, either sold to another master or to serve under the same owner. The history of slavery in America started in 1619 upon the arrival of the Dutch ship, the White Lion in Virginia.It transported African slaves to several British colonies in America. Aside from that it also brought with it indentured servants. Indentured servitude is a form of debt bondage, in this case, in exchange fro the transport of these people across the Atlantic to America, food, clothing, food and other basic necessities; they are to serve a certain em ployer after a period of time usually after 4 to 7 years. The first law enacted towards slavery and established the legality of English slavery in the Caribbean was the Barbadian Slave Code of 1661.Almost 20 years later, South Carolina instituted that a slave is a property, meaning a slave being owned by an individual or group of individual therefore cannot sold from the estate. In 1696t the Barbadian Code was adapted in South Carolina, hence defining the basic guideline for slavery in North America. During this adaptation, the African became chattel slaves from being indentured slaves, giving the enslaver complete ownership of a person.Moreover, in Virginia, government made its own laws against the growing indentured slaves, since some slaves became wealthy farm owners after they are released from servitude. The Virginian Laws, provided that Africans are to be slaves for life and the same status are to be applied to their future progeny. 3. The embryonic federal republic of North A merica was quickly forced to grapple with issues related to citizenship and immigration. Analyze the 1790 Naturalization Act. Naturalization is the procedure wherein people become a citizen of a country they were not born in.On March 26, 1790, the Naturalization Act took affect and it provided several guiding rules on granting natural citizenship for immigrants. Several important highlight of this act was that, citizenship was not to be granted to people who were indentured slaves and to the Indians, in addition to that Blacks are not supposed to be granted citizenship in America. This translates to the notion that every Black who enters American territory was expected to become slaves. This Naturalization Act offered vague definition and translation of the Law.As stated in this Act, every immigrant is required a certain period of time of residence in America before being called a citizen in order to appreciate and evaluate the concept of American Democracy. But this Act itself, pre vented anyone who they termed â€Å"colored† from becoming a citizen adding up to their concept of racial discrimination. This Act therefore became a living example of the racial difference and the wall Law created between the whites and the blacks of African decent. 4.Describe the impact of the invention of the cotton gin on the expansion of American slavery. The cotton gin was devised by Eli Whitney a graduate from Yale University. In his pursuit to pay his debt, he went to Georgia and acquired a job as a private tutor. There, he realized that the southern farmers and farm owners were frantic to find ways to increase their yield and profit in cotton production. The issue on cotton production involved the difficulty to separate the fluffy cotton balls and the seeds which sticks to it much.Catherine Greene, Whitney’s employer persuaded him to find a solution to this problem. Greene provided all possible support needed especially in the financial aspect. The development of the cotton gin doubled the yield for raw cotton every decade after 1800. It also opened the doors for more machinery demands, such as the machines to weave or to spin the cotton, and also for the invention of the steamboat to transport it at an ease. There was a production bloom and massive exportation of cotton occurred between America to England and to New England.Immense cotton production truly brought solution to farmer’s problems and greatly uplifted American economy though trade at that era. But like any other inventions meant to discover resolutions to problems, this also carried changes that worsen the American society. And the most historic is the propagation of slavery. Although the cotton gin, decrease the time and amount of labor needed to separate the cotton and the seed, it extremely increased the need of manpower in the form of slaves t grow and harvest the cotton, especially with the expansion of the area of farmlands.In 1808, approximately 80,000 Africans were imported as slaves and the slave population in the South reached up to an estimated 1/3 of the populace. The invention of the cotton gin therefore required more slaves to work under a more tireless and strict regimen, wherein abuse and mistreatment were hence more common as compared before the rise of production pressures brought about by the cotton gin.

The Moral Argument for the Existence of God Essay example

The Moral Argument for the Existence of God Kant did NOT put forward a moral argument and anyone who said he does is wrong!!!! Kant rejected all attempts to argue from the world to God, he regarded such an exercise as impossible. However he thought that God was a POSTULATE of practical reason. If you share Kant’s assumptions, then it becomes necessary to assume that there is a God. Kant’s reasoning†¦. --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. All human beings desire and seek happiness --------------------------------------------- 2. All human beings ought to be moral and do their duty ------------------------------------------------------- 3. The†¦show more content†¦Of course, it may well be that the Universe is not fair – Kant had a deep sense of trust in the fairness of the Universe and if this is rejected then the postulates are not needed. Argument from absolute moral values =================================== A different approach to that of Kant comes from those who argue from the existence of some absolute moral values. Rashdall put forward this argument but it was developed by Sorley. Sorley claims: ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. There is an absolute moral law. Sorley supports this claim with the following reasons: ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. People are conscious of an absolute moral law 3. People acknowledge the demands that this law makes on them even if they break it 4. No finite mind grasps the whole of what this represents 5. Ideas exist only in minds 6. Therefore there must be a supreme mind, beyond all finite minds, in which this absolute moral law exists. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Sorley claims that unlike Natural Law which is descriptive of human nature, the Moral Law is prescriptive. It describes not what IS but what SHOULD BE. The Natural Law approach to Ethics stemsShow MoreRelatedEssay on Moral Argument for Existence of God1607 Words   |  7 PagesAll moral arguments for the existence of God work on the principle that we all have a shared sense of morality. Despite cultural differences, broadly speaking, humans worldwide have a vague idea of what is right and what is wrong; a moral argument for the existence of God would say that this mutual understanding is proof of Gods existence. Immanuel Kant put forward this argument (although, not a moral argument); God as the source of objective morality. 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