The Hidden Treasure of Analytical Essay Writing Services

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Proposal for a New System - 987 Words

NEW SYSTEM My Proposal for a New System Laura L. Koskimaki Luvenia (Lisa) Gordon University of Phoenix Whenever some one thinks of health care, they think of illness, bills, and insurance. Most people do not like going to a doctors’ office or to a hospital because of these three things. An illness can be a scary thought to one who may be carrying the illness. No one wants to find out an illness that may have been found especially if it includes surgery or even death because their life could be ruined in the matter of seconds whether it is a lifetime of surgeries or no life at all. Even bills and insurance sounds scary considering that out economy is in a recession. Not many people have health insurance because they cannot†¦show more content†¦Those patients who have minor illnesses such as the flu or a bladder infection should be seen at clinics with physicians who are certified to those treatments. Doing so could cut down the hospitals and clinics population. Another part of this proposal includes healthcare classes that are mandatory after seeing a physician. For each patient that sees a physician will be appointed some classes that are nearest to them, so the patient can learn the importance of their health. This will include demonstration of what could happen to patients that do not exercise, eat healthy, or to patients that smoke or abuse alcohol and drugs. These demonstrations will be shown as videos of surgery and as well, as hands on demonstrations. Demonstrating hands on will allow the patient to be connected to the activity in a more meaningful matter. Hands on demonstrations could help the patient to change the way they take care of their health and want to be a healthier person. As I said from the beginning, the patients want to feel as though they are important to our system and that they will be taken care of in the matter that they should be taken care of. Greeting the patient and even joking could help loosen the tension t hat the patient has from being at a hospital or a clinic. This proposal will do well in many different ways. The proposal will help to expand and control the population that it may accrue, as well as help patients realize how important theirShow MoreRelatedProposal for New Healthcare System1079 Words   |  5 PagesProposal for New Health System The health care system in the United States is in need of major reform. Even with major technological advances, the amount of citizens unable to acquire proper care is immense. â€Å"Between 2005 and 2006, the number of U.S.-born residents who were uninsured increased from 33 million to 34.4 million, and their uninsured rate increased from 12.8 percent in 2005 to 13.2 percent. The numbers of foreign-born who were uninsured rose from 11.8 million in 2005 to 12.6 millionRead MoreRiordan Manufacturing: New System Proposal Essay1415 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ New System Proposal Art Scott IT/205 December 14, 2014 Jennifer Gunter New System Proposal Riordan Manufacturing is a global plastics manufacturer employing 550 people with projected annual earnings of $46 million. The company is wholly owned by Riordan Industries, a Fortune 1000 enterprise with revenues in excess of $1 billion. Its products include plastic beverage containers produced at its plant in Albany, Georgia, custom plastic parts produced at its plant in Pontiac, Michigan, andRead MoreNew System Proposal Presentation Essay2252 Words   |  10 PagesCRM is an acronym for customer relationship management, and the software products are designed to improving customer satisfaction. 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With an effective training system, it will increase employee morale, whichRead MoreEfficiency and Collaboration Proposal for New Information System553 Words   |  2 PagesEfficiency and Collaboration Proposal for New Information System Executive Summary The greater the information and knowledge-sharing that occurs throughout an enterprise, the greater the accuracy, consistency and velocity of strategy execution and performance. Transforming a business beyond transactions so the insight, intelligence and knowledge gained about customers and processes can make it more effective is the intent of this proposal. For Party Plates, the migration away from personal productivityRead MoreBenefits Of A New Plant1244 Words   |  5 Pages Proposal one suggests that the company buys one hundred new refrigerated trucks, half in 2001 and the other half in 2002. The company could then sell 60 old trucks over the course of two years for a total of EUR4.05 million. The trucks would be more fuel- efficient and less maintenance. This proposal would make deliveries more frequent, make scheduling more flexible, and support further expansion in the future. Proposal two suggests that a new plant be built that would take the burdenRead MoreProposal : A Proposal For Proposal1064 Words   |  5 Pagesrequest for proposal is a contract between two partners, or companies that one side offers the proposal while the other side will help to take care and mange that proposal to make it more successfully. This agreement is considered as a type of document which investors announce that funding is available for a particular project. Companies or investors have money, however the project is over their control because it requires a long and complex process. Therefore, a request for proposal is a need toRead MoreRequest For Proposal Rfp ( Rfp )1271 Words   |  6 PagesREQUEST FOR PROPOSAL (RFP) WIRELESS COMP COMPANY REAPER MACHINES 2335 LENOX ST. CHARLOTTE, NC, 28056 8/11/2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND 2 2. PROPOSAL GUIDELINES 2 3. PROJECT PURPOSE AND DESCRIPTION 3 4. PROJECT SCOPE 3 5. PROPOSAL AND PROJECT TIMELINE 4 6. BUDGET 5 7. PROPOSAL EVALUATION CRITERIA 6 1. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND Death Comm is currently accepting proposals to develop, design, launch, and host a new Wireless Network within their building. TheRead MoreBis 220 Introduction to Computer Applications and Systems /Complete Class1089 Words   |  5 PagesBIS 220 Introduction To Computer Applications and Systems /Complete Class Click Link below To Purchase: http://homework-aid.com/BIS-220-Complete-Class-256.htm BIS 220 Week 1 Individual Information Technology Acts Paper Select two of the following acts to research: †¢ Do Not Call Implementation Act, 2003 †¢ Controlling the Assault of Non-solicited Pornography and Marketing (CAN-SPAM) Act, 2003 †¢ Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA), 2002 †¢ Uniting and Strengthening AmericaRead MoreHow to Evaluate an Rfp of Adt System Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pagesfive-member team responsible for selecting the new admission/discharge/transfer (ADT)/MPI for your facility. You are replacing an existing MPI that no longer meets the needs of your organization. Even more important, in 18 months the MPI will no longer be supported by your vendor. The functional requirements and the request for proposal have been developed. The RFP is due back from the vendors in 1 week. Your facility wants to make the decision about which system to choose within 3 months. Your assignment

Media Governance & Public Sphere

Question: Discuss about the Media Governance Public Sphere. Answer: Introduction Media governance is an important part of regulatory design, directly and indirectly shaping the regulatory mix in the media industry (Hernandez, Janet, Daniel Leza 2010).This document highlights the challenges facing the media industry from media piracy, government intervention on control of media, media sovereignty and media literacy. This challenges can be tackled by the enactment of this rules and regulations governing the media industry, especially in coming up with regulations to govern media operation. Unlike before, media industry has been in operation with a clear guide and regulatory environment. Media impacts positively and negatives on the society based on its operations of passing information to the public. Information is getting more accessible to consumers, through various platforms. According to Bach, David (2004, 133) media industry helps to improve talent and skills of individuals as an art; hence the need to regulate it. The document focuses on various issues relati ng to media governance and how it has impacted on the public through creativity and increased productivity. The policy will enact regulations to control issues like piracy by restricting purchase of the pirated media items, media literacy to be enhanced in the industry and detailed conveyance of media to the media stakeholders. The policy will be tackled by penalties on those not adhering to also the media practitioners need to educated on the importance of the policy to the public and media stakeholders. Thesis Statement The policy based on the regulatory and governance of media does not address most the challenges that the media fraternity face in conducting their businesses. The policy should help address the following issues; governmentality, media literacy, cyber sovereignty and media divide. Governmentality which is control of media industry will help implement the policy on fighting music piracy which has affected the growth of creative industry by bringing unfair competition. Based on media literacy which recognizes that digital media enhances social surveillance by enhancing print, film, advertising, visual and arts literacy. Media education and community empowerment needs to be addressed to enhance easy disassembly and reassembly of digital technology in the media industry. The policy will help media industry to be able to access high speed broad band and digitize its products and services for easy convergence of media. Cyber sovereignty which involves national sovereignty extended to cybers pace and governs what can be accessed online, who and how it can be accessed. Cyber sovereignty will help tackle the issue of music piracy, convergence and regulation of multi-screen since it will restrict the media content to be viewed by the public. In most cases internet exemplifies freedom and democracy by in this case cyber sovereignty will help address issues of music piracy and regulation of mult- screen TV. On the issue of media divide media content should be regulated based on classification obligation, restrict access obligation and prohibited content obligation. The policy will be critiqued based on the contribution of it curb music piracy and unfair competition which inhibits growth of creative industries. (William 2017). The paper is directed to media fraternity involved in media services, consumers of the media,, producers and the government and business people in the media industry and finally to the global market on the importance of regulatory scheme in the industry. A policy needs to be instituted to be able to curb the issue of music piracy to help in media convergence, disassembly and reassembly by coming up with rules and regulations in digital technology. The policy to be implemented involves businesses in the production of music and other media services like video. Also people connected to TV need to adhere to the regulations by acquiring licenses including copyrights and audio visual software. It is important to critique this policy because it is of great importance to the media industry. In order for the media industry to be a success then the policy on the media rules and regulations should be adhered to by all the parties involved in the industry ( Bhattacharjee, Sudip, Ram D. Gopal 2003). Policy Summary Since there is unfair competition in the media, decline in creative industries, challenges of connected TV, unlicensed services brought about by lack of proper media governance in the media fields hence the need for the policy to be set up and adhered to. One of the issues to be addressed is the introduction of the conveyance review panel which oversees the market and regulations of the industry, challenges of connected TV, disassembly and assembly of digital technology, competition issue and also the challenges consumers and the society face relating to the piracy of the media. There is the need for formulation and implementation of the policy to regulate the media. According to Belleflamme, Paul, and Pierre M. Picard (2207,351-362) the world has become global with the introduction of internet where most people are able to access the internet and hence access any given information. The regulatory policy need to implemented since the world has gone global and hence the need for industry to easily access information. The government through the political environment has helped in coming up with regulations that help curb the challenges faced and to help shape the industry in curbing challenges in the digitalized market. The policy will involve coming up with media rules and regulation like licenses and copyrights which becomes an issue during digitization. There are different emerging issues leading to the formulation and implementation of the policy in the industry. (Carter, T. Barton, Marc A. Franklin 2008). Explanation and Evaluation and Critique of Policy The policy will ensure that every media involving music, videos and software are able to be run well. The artists and stakeholders of media should ensure the policy is adhered to for regulatory and protection of talent in the industry. There is need for the policy in the industry because of the increase in competition in the industry. Media conveyance has changed process of accessing audio visual content by consumers .There is need to ensure that there is proper caution before broadcasting any media content; also with the increase in number of conveyance it leads to lowering of the barriers to entry and making the industry more competitive. There is need to curb the unfair competition by formulating and implementing the regulation policy in the media industry to enhance success of music and bring a safe legal environment. Media policy enhances the development of creative industry and artists growth through investments. The policy also helps in the disassembly and reassembly on digital technology and creative industry. Effects of digitalization are changing with the increase in ways of connecting people worldwide through creative industry and digital environment. It is through the enactment of this policy that the creative industry will grow. The different departments that will grow involves; architecture, fashion, film and video, design, software, radio, music and computer games. The different individual talents are unique and help in job creation by safeguarding them through formulation of policies like intellectual property. It is also through the policy that the supporting creative industries will help to bring innovation to the society through the technology media. Media policy also enhances social inclusion and creation of opportunities to drive growth in the industry for the citizens of the country. The policy will also help in content financing, improvement of technology standards and coming up with solutions to address the convergence of media. The regulatory scheme and policies are introduced to explore ideas on content classification in the industry. Critique Tackling music Piracy The policy on piracy is of great importance to the users of the media as it helps to come up with rules and regulatory environment in which the users can rely on as regulatory design. The general public is protected from the unlicensed services in the industry. The policy will help prevent unfair competition by developing creative industries. The piracy policy will be of great help in safeguarding the talents of the artists involved in production of music in the media industry. Also the policy will help build up innovativeness, creation of new ideas by taking advantage of the new opportunities that arises while the parties are protected using the policy. This will prevent the exploitation of talent among the media users. The application of the policy will help reduce the challenges faced by the users of media by making production process smooth leading to investments by artists (Hernandez, Janet, Daniel Leza, and Kari Ballot-Lena 2010). On the other hand enacting of the policy can be disadvantageous to the public sphere. According to Napoli, Philip M (2001) there is individuals who survive on the piracy of music. There has been an increase in the level of unemployment in developing countries and most of the youths find it easy to sell the pirated software, music and videos to earn a living. If the policy on piracy is enacted it will lead to many of the citizens not having a source of income. There is an alternative option instead of using the piracy policy which allows the consumers to download the product under a pay-what-you-want online strategy. This strategy is much effective in increasing the profitability of the media stakeholders as it does not affect the intellectual property rights. The live performance and the positive voluntary contributions can also be a way to avoid using the piracy policy. It is important to come up with an elaborate policy that will be able to prevent any piracy from taking place in the industry since commercial piracy can easily be detected whereas the End-user piracy is very difficult to detect. An elaborate strategy needs to be implemented to be able to combat piracy in the media industry. The policy needs to address both the demand and supply sides of the piracy. Digital piracy is a big threat to the music industry and licensed music sector as a whole and also investment artists. There are different strategies that will implement the policy on piracy through consumer education on copyright as well as the value of music. It is vital for the parties involved with the digital economy to maintain responsibility to curb music piracy. The music piracy destroys the creative industries. In this case if anyone needs any type of software or online product, there will be the proper download option by paying the money. Then the site will be free from piracy. The supply chain process can be used to reduce the use of pirated software and eliminate the exploitation of the talents of the artists. The corporate and the government have done little to prevent music piracy that often exploits the artists talents. Another way of reducing or eliminating piracy without using the policy is by media literacy. Media literacy entails the individual informing themselves on issues pertaining to media like piracy. It also involves individuals making technological choices and being responsible in creating their own opportunities. The importance of media literacy is that it will help the individual embrace the company and help in self-regulation (Smith, Michael D, and Rahul Telang 2009, 321). Disassembly and Reassembly on Digital Technology and Creative Industries Media policy on implementation of rules and regulations helps in the reassembly and disassembly helps in media convergence in the digitization of media content through high speed broadband connectivity. The regulations help in improvement of digital technology and enhance knowledge and bring innovation to advanced society. Challenges of Connected TV. The media policies and regulations on connected TV addresses the challenges that face connected TV. The policies will address the level of technological standards which promotes the convergence of media. There is lack of common standards and levels of infrastructural development across the countries using media. The regulations will provide a guide to the curb the different challenges of connected TV. The standards will instill discipline in the media industry by providing protection of the activities of the media. Competition Issues Rules and regulations guiding the media will help solve competition issues in the industry. Individuals will be able to access audio visual content.The regulation imposed on media before broadcasting will prevent irrelevant content from being displayed.There is need for a competition law that guides every media industry.this will lower the number of convergence lowering barriers to entry leading to competition in the industry. Convergence and Regulation of multi-Screen Television There is need to regulate the multi-screen television by allowing display of specific content leading to creation of new ideas and regulation of different contents to secure information and help in market development. Mutual equity , Relativism and Attitudes of Individual in using Digital Piracy. The rules and regulations impact both positively and negatively on the society using the media services. The society should be involved in the strategies to combat piracy and embrace to the regulation policy since relativism affects purchase of the pirated materials. a substitute method need to be addressed in implementing the policies like that of piracy one can come up with media literacy programs and change the supply channel process of the media materials. Conclusion It is important for the government not to regulate the content but to promote media literacy via public pedagogy and raising awareness on using media safely and effectively. It is also important to enact policies that will not impact directly on the users of the media. Such policies involve the enactment of market policies and cultural policies. Digital literacy help to an individual have confidence, knowledge and understanding needed to participate in a safe, secure and informed manner in a digital environment hence media literacy is preferred Media industry needs to have a regulatory policy the will safeguard the interests of all the stakeholders in the industry. The policy on digital piracy is important because it helps to protect the creative industry in the music and film industry preventing the exploitation of talent. Piracy regulation needs not only to be applied to music but also to audio visual software available in the internet. The government should also take part in the formulation of the policy and to ensure there is adherence to the policies to promote fairness in the media industry (Lin, Trisha TC 2013). References Bach, David. "The double punch of law and technology: Fighting music piracy or remaking copyright in a digital age." Business and Politics 6, no. 2 (2004): 1-33. Belleflamme, Paul, and Pierre M. Picard. "Piracy and competition." Journal of Economics Management Strategy 16, no. 2 (2007): 351-383 Bhattacharjee, Sudip, Ram D. Gopal, and G. Lawrence Sanders. "Digital music and online sharing: software piracy 2.0?." Communications of the ACM 46, no. 7 (2003): 107-111. Bhattacharjee, Sudip, Ram D. Gopal, Kaveepan Lertwachara, and James R. Marsden. "Impact of legal threats on online music sharing activity: An analysis of music industry legal actions." The Journal of Law and Economics 49, no. 1 (2006): 91-114. Carter, T. Barton, Marc A. Franklin, and Jay B. Wright. The First Amendment and the fifth estate: Regulation of electronic mass media. Foundation Press, 2008. Chiou, Jyh-Shen, Chien-yi Huang, and Hsin-hui Lee. "The antecedents of music piracy attitudes and intentions." Journal of Business Ethics 57, no. 2 (2005): 161-174. dAstous, Alain, Francois Colbert, and Daniel Montpetit. "Music piracy on the webhow effective are anti-piracy arguments? Evidence from the theory of planned behaviour." Journal of Consumer Policy 28, no. 3 (2005): 289-310. Gu, Bin, and Vijay Mahajan. "How much anti-piracy effort is too much?-A study of the global software industry." (2005). Hansen, Derek, Ben Shneiderman, and Marc A. Smith. Analyzing social media networks with NodeXL: Insights from a connected world. Morgan Kaufmann, 2010. Hernandez, Janet, Daniel Leza, and Kari Ballot-Lena. "ICT regulation in the digital economy." In International Telecommunication Union Global Symposium for Regulators. 2010. Lim, Kai H., Marcus J. OConnor, and William E. Remus. "The impact of presentation media on decision making: does multimedia improve the effectiveness of feedback?." Information Management 42, no. 2 (2005): 305-316. Lin, Trisha TC. "Convergence and regulation of multi-screen television: The Singapore experience."Telecommunications Policy37, no. 8 (2013): 673-685. Modot, A., Lambert, E. and Moullier, B.,. The Challenges of Connected TV. European Parliament, (2013). pp.32-64. Napoli, Philip M. Foundations of communications policy: Principles and process in the regulation of electronic media. Hampton Pr, 2001. Oecd.org, (2017). Competition Issues in Television and Broadcasting 2013 [online] Available at: https://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/TV-and-broadcasting2013.pdf [Accessed 3 Mar. 2017]. Smith, Michael D., and Rahul Telang. "Competing with free: the impact of movie broadcasts on DVD sales and internet piracy 1." mis Quarterly 33, no. 2 (2009): 321-338. Vincent Mangematin, Jonathan Sapsed, Elke Schuler. Disassembly and reassembly on digital technology and creative industries. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, (2014), 83, pp.1-9. William, Hampton-Sosa.The Impact of creativity and community Facilitation on music Streaming Adoption and Digital Piracy .(2017) 69: 444-453. Zhao, Elaine Jing. "Online Entertainment| Professionalization of Amateur Production in Online Screen Entertainment in China: Hopes, Frustrations and Uncertainties." International Journal of Communication 10 (2016): 19.

Research Paper on Autism free essay sample

The International Journal of Special Education 2005, Vol 20, No. 1. OVERCOMING CHALLENGES AND IDENTIFYING A CONSENSUS ABOUT AUTISM INTERVENTION PROGRAMMING Carolyn E. Stephens University of Georgia Identifying effective interventions to help children with autism reach their potential has been a source of disagreement among professionals and parents for decades. The complexities of the challenges that face children with autism, and uncertainty about best practices, have delayed progress. This article identifies seven critical program components that address some of the challenges associated with providing effective and efficient autism intervention programs. The results for children who participate in these programs encourage belief in the ability of children with autism to respond with positive change to appropriately designed and implemented interventions. The number of children with autism entering public school systems has increased dramatically in the last 15 years (National Research Council, 2001; Yeargin-Allsopp, et al. 003). In response, schools are struggling to meet the demands for skilled personnel and effective program structures (Peeters Gillberg, 1999; Simpson, 1995). We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Autism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Professionals have disagreed about how best to identify components necessary for appropriate programs, how to implement programs that meet a broad range of children’s needs, and how to match efficient and effective services to specific characteristics of individual children (Anderson Romancqyk, 1999; Brown Bamberra, 1999; Cohen, 1999; Feinberg Vacca, 2000; Pfeiffer Nelson, 1992). This article presents a brief historical perspective on factors that have complicated implementation of effective interventions on the large scale necessary to meet the needs of school systems in the United States. It also presents seven program components that, based on the literature, may significantly improve results of any comprehensive intervention. These seven program characteristics are supported by many professionals from multiple disciplines involved in studying needs of children with autism. In this regard, the use of the word professionals includes teachers as well as others, such as speech and language pathologists, psychologists, and program administrators. Changes in autism interventions are clearly moving in a positive direction in which children are demonstrating motivation to learn in programs that can address the developmental deficits that interfere with their learning (Bryan Gast, 2000; Koegel, Koegel, McNerney, 2001). Multiple factors Influence Development of Effective Systems of Intervention The literature identifies at least four factors that have contributed to the difficulty many program administrators face in trying to provide effective and sufficient services for children with autism (Conderman Katsyannis, 1996; Feinberg Vacca, 2000). They include the following: (a) Characteristics of autism interfere with learning, (b) Programs maintain low expectations based on historically poor long-term results, (c) Funding resources are limited and intensive programs are costly, and (d) Parents and professionals have had divergent points of view about some fundamental issues. Characteristics of Autism Interfere with Learning The unique learning characteristics of those diagnosed with autism vary widely from typical learners, and contribute to the complexities of determining a single best treatment (American Psychiatric Association (APA), 1994, Campbell, Schopler, Cueva, Hallin, 1996). Atypical patterns of attending to stimuli impede children with autism from focusing on critical aspects of tasks (Koegel, Koegel, Frea, Green-Hopkins, 2003; Smith Lovaas, 1998). Atypical choices in reinforcement interfere with children’s correct responding to tasks assigned (Heflin Alberto, 2001). Social interactions that contribute to early learning experiences of typically developing children are often replaced with preferences for focusing on objects rather than people (Garfield, Peterson, Perry, 2001; Pierce Schreibman, 1995). Receptive and expressive languages develop unevenly and usually assume unique patterns, which require adaptations or specific methods of intervention to overcome (Lamers, Hall, 2003; Koegel, 1995). When learning does occur, unless children reach a level of mastery and self-motivation in using new skills, they often fail to generalize their use in natural settings (Anderson, Taras, Cannon, 1996). As a result, specific learning strategies and environments are necessary in order to maintain children’s attention to task and their motivation for school progress. Behavior differences in children with autism are resistant to change and often do not respond to common methods of discipline and reinforcement in schools. When interventions do not address the broad range of behaviors characteristic of children with autism, children remain isolated from their communities, disrupt their families’ lives, and show poor long-term outcomes (Abelson, 1999; Norton Drew, 1994; Sanders Morgan, 1997). Behaviors frequently include self-injury, aggression, property destruction, odd vocalizations, sleep disturbances, or stereotypical self-stimulation. Preoccupations with aimless and repetitive behaviors add to children’s isolation from meaningful social interactions with teachers and peers that are essential for emotional development and cognitive growth (Koegel, Koegel, Harrower, Carter, 1999).. PG 35-36 Seven Critical Program Components are Described in the Autism Literature The literature identifies significant challenges facing intervention decision makers as they develop new programs and strengthen old ones. The literature also serves as a source for empirically supported critical program components that strengthen interventions (Campbell, 2003; Dunlap, 1999; National Research Council, 2001; Pfeiffer Nelson, 1992; Rogers, 1998). The critical components address communication, social, and behavioral areas of functioning that form the triad of diagnosing criteria for autism (APA, 1994). The program components target a wide range of deficit areas in order o enable children with autism to act more independently, have real choices in natural contexts, and appropriately communicate socially and academically. The seven critical program components that represent a consensus among professionals are identified as: 1. Autism interventions that are supported by empirical evidence should begin as early as possible. 2. Parents should be teachers and decision makers in collaborative teams with professionals with autism expertise. 3. Families and professionals should individualize communication strategies using a broad range of scaffolding approaches. . Professionals should individualize instructional strategies to enable children to demonstrate regular cognitive growth. 5. Programs should provide multiple opportunities for social engagement supported by scaffolding from adults and peers. 6. Adults should teach children pivotal behaviors, including behaviors for initiating, maintaining, and generalizing skills across natural settings and motivate children to function capably in all settings. 7. Children should be given multiple opportunities to learn the social-cognitive skills related to theory of mind concepts about other people’s thinking. A diversity of theoretical approaches, empirical methods of investigation, and professional disciplines support the seven program components that form a consensus among many professionals studying autism intervention. The program components discussed below are not sufficient to change inadequate, unsuccessful programs that have weak theoretical underpinnings into successful ones. However, children with autism in programs without these seven components, are not likely to reach high levels of meaningful, life enhancing functioning. Early and Evidence-based Intervention Evidence is strong and undisputed in support of the first program component. Autism interventions that are supported by empirical evidence should begin as soon as toddlers and preschoolers can be identified (Klinger Renner, 2000; New York State Department of Health, 1999; Osterling, Dawson, Munson, 2002; Rogers, 1998, Simpson, 2001; Wolery, 2000; Woods Wetherby, 2003). With the help of reliable screening and diagnostic instruments for young children with autism developed in recent years, children can begin intervention at younger ages than was possible in the ast (Lord, Risi, Lambrecht, Cook, Leventhal, DiLavore et al. , 2000; Stone, Coonrod, and Ousley, 2000). Courchesne, Karns, David et al. , (2001) provide evidence that children with autism may be born with brain sizes within a normal range at birth but deviate from average patterns of growth in the first few years of their lives. Empirical evidence from programs representing varied intervention approaches, supports the long-te rm positive effects for children with autism when interventions begin as soon as children at risk are identified (Greenspan Wieder, 1997; 1999; Lovaas, 1987). McEachin et al. (1993) described the lasting effects for almost 50 % of the children in their intensive intervention group who began treatment when they were preschoolers. McGee, Morrier, and Daly (1999) describe the necessity of providing adequate programs for young children with autism when they can benefit most in preschool inclusion. Identifying children early and beginning intervention programs during critical first years is a major step in improving results for children with autism. PG 38-39) Pivotal Behaviors A number of behaviors that are typically difficult for children with autism to master are pivotal to intervention success (Koegel et al. 1999; Koegel, Koegel, Shoshan, McNerney, 1999). The sixth critical program component addresses pivotal skills deficits, with emphasis on improving children’s motivation, initiation, maintenance, and generalization of new skills in all natural settings (Burack, Charman, Yirmiya, Zelazo, 2001; Greenspan Wieder, 1999; Koegel et al . 001; Rogers, 1998; Strain Schwartz, 2001; Symon 2001; Wolery, 2000). Koegel et al. (1999) trained adults who regularly interacted with six young children with autism to teach children a series of self-initiation skills designed to promote interactions in their daily lives. The results indicated that three of the six children in the study had good pragmatics on postintervention measures while three had poor pragmatic use of language. The three children with good outcomes had ignificantly higher levels of self-initiations at intake than the children with poor outcomes. Researchers concluded that self-initiations may represent a pivotal skill that should be taught to children with autism who do not initiate social interactions when they enter intervention programs. Milieu intervention strategies are commonly used to teach pivotal skills to children with autism who have difficulty generalizing learning to novel settings. In milieu interventions, children learn in the context of the d aily settings where skills are needed. Yoder and colleagues conducted a number of studies to measure effects of prelinquistic milieu teaching on communication of young children with developmental delays (Yoder, Kaiser, Goldstein et al. , 1995; Yoder Warren, 1998). In the recent study by Yoder and Warren (2002), 39 children less than 24 months old with developmental delays of unknown etiologies were randomly assigned with their primary caregivers to two comparison groups. Children who participated with parents trained in prelinguistic milieu teaching increased the frequency of initiating comments, requesting, and lexical density. Preschool programs specifically designed for inclusion of children with autism provide further evidence for effectiveness of milieu intervention strategies. In the Walden Toddler Program, children are provided with multiple repetitions of learning trials by careful structuring of daily activities and objects to teach children to respond appropriately to naturally occurring stimuli (McGee et al. , 1999). For children with autism, learning pivotal skills during naturally occurring interactions, helps children gain mastery and better generalize learning to natural settings. Theory of Mind The final critical program component for autism intervention is that children with autism should participate in social interactions that help them learn social-cognitive skills related to concepts about others’ minds (Burack et al. 2001; Greenspan, 2001; Klinger Renner, 2000). The theory of mind hypothesis identifies a failure in children with autism to understand that other persons do not share the same relationship to, or thoughts about, objects and events in their environment (Garfield, et al. 2001). This deficit, in theory, significantly influences children’s social and cognitive functioning. There is sufficient empirical evidence in the literature to include theory of mind as an important program goal, especially for older children with autism (Frith Happe, 1999; Skuse, 2003; Tager-Flusberg, 1992; Tomasello, 1995). Some studies provide evidence that children with autism may understand precursor behaviors that may facilitate learning the more complex aspects of theory of mind thinking. Carpenter, Pennington, and Rogers (2001) tested the responses of preschoolers with autism to others’ unfulfilled intentions. The authors found that children with autism were not significantly different from a control group of children in understanding of others’ intentions. They concluded that deficits in understanding intentions might not be as severe as deficits in completing traditional theory of mind tests for children with autism. Nadel, Croue, Mattlinger, Canet, Hudelot, LeCuyer, and Martini (2002) conducted a study to measure whether low functioning children with autism would form social expectancies for an adult interacting with them during still face paradigm conditions. The authors found that children moved closer to the adult and touched the adult more frequently after the conditions in which the adult first remained still before repeatedly imitating the child. The authors interpreted children’s increases in social behaviors as evidence that children could integrate previous social experiences with a current situation to form a social expectancy for an interactive partner. Charlop-Christy and Daneshvar (2003) showed three boys with autism video models for perspective-taking tasks. The children with autism improved understanding about another person’s mental states after watching the videotape on perspective taking. In these studies, children with autism showed potential for understanding some aspects about others’ thinking. Researchers interpreted children’s behaviors as distinguishing others’ thoughts from their own. To fully understand the theory of mind concepts, however, children with autism are likely to need specific adult scaffolding and multiple opportunities before they gain the higher levels of social-cognitive functioning. (PG 41-43) http://www. internationalsped. com/documents/stephens%20(3)1. doc

The eNotes Blog After the Dash Last Words of the Politically and HistoricallyInfamous

After the Dash Last Words of the Politically and HistoricallyInfamous The thing that is so fascinating about a persons final words is, of course, that the person rarely knows those   utterances will be his or her last. One of my favorite poems is W.S. Merwins For the Anniversary of My Death: Every year without knowing it I have passed the day When the last fires will wave to me And the silence will set out Tireless traveler Like the beam of a lightless star Then I will no longer Find myself in life as in a strange garment Surprised at the earth And the love of one woman And the shamelessness of men As today writing after three days of rain Hearing the wren sing and the falling cease And bowing not knowing to what. Here are ten of those now-famous, or at least, interesting, last words: 1.   Marie Antoinette Pardon me, sir. I did not do it on purpose.  Ã‚  after she accidentally stepped on the foot of her executioner as she went to the guillotine. 2.   Dominique Bouhours  (French grammarian)   I am about to - or I am going to - die: either expression is correct. 3.   King George V Bugger Bognor.   to his physician, who had suggested that he relax at his seaside palace in Bognor Regis.    4.   Joseph Henry Green (English surgeon who became the literary executor of  Samuel Taylor Coleridge) It’s stopped.  -   upon checking his own pulse. 5.   Emperor Julian You have won, O Galilean.     attempted to reverse the official endorsement of Christianity by the Roman Empire. 6.   John F. Kennedy No, you certainly can’t.  -   in reply to Nellie Connally, wife of Governor John Connally, who said to Kennedy before he got in the convertible, â€Å"You certainly can’t say that the people of Dallas haven’t given you a nice welcome, Mr. President.   7.  Mao Zedong I feel ill. Call the doctors.    8.   Saki (pen name of Hector Hugh Monroe)   Put out the bloody cigarette!!   to a fellow officer while in a trench during World War One, for fear the smoke would give away their positions. He was then shot by a German sniper who had heard the remark. 9.   Mary Surratt Please don’t let me fall.   before being hanged for her part in the conspiracy to assassinate President Lincoln. She was the first woman executed by the United States federal government. 10.   Voltaire Now, now, my good man, this is no time for making enemies.   when asked by a priest to renounce Satan.

Check Out Famous Dr. Seuss Quotes

Check Out Famous Dr. Seuss Quotes Dr. Seuss, the pen name of Theodor Geisel, is the author of numerous classic childrens books such as The Cat in the Hat, Green Eggs and Ham, The Lorax and How the Grinch Stole Christmas. Dr. Seuss books are special because of his unique style of rhyming, often with made-up words, and fascinating cartoon characters. Children who struggle with reading, or arent interested in reading, find themselves deeply engrossed in a Dr. Seuss book. Here are some of the most memorable quotes from Dr. Seuss. Quotes from Oh the Places Youll Go! Kid, you’ll move mountains! Today is your day! Your mountain is waiting. So get on your way!    The more that you read, the more things you will know. The more that you learn, the more places youll go. You have brains in your head. You have feet in your shoes. You can steer yourself any direction you choose. Youre on your own, and you know what you know. And you will be the guy wholl decide where youll go.   Quotes from The Cat in the Hat I know it is wet and the sun is not sunny, but we can have lots of good fun that is funny. Look at me! Look at me! Look at me now! It is fun to have fun. But you have to know how.   Quotes from The Lorax I am the Lorax. I speak for the trees. I speak for the trees for the trees have no tongues. Its not about what it is, its about what it can become. Unless someone like you cares a whole awful lot, nothing is going to get better. It’s not. Quotes from Other Dr. Seuss Books Today you are you, that is truer than true. There is no one alive who is  youer  than you.   - Happy Birthday to You! Don’t give up! I believe in you all. A person’s a person, no matter how small! - Horton Hears a Who. And the turtles, of course... All the turtles are free As turtles and, maybe, all creatures should be.  - Yertle the Turtle. Think left and think right and think low and think high. Oh, the thinks you can think up if only you try.  - Oh, the Thinks You Can Think! So you see! Theres no end to the thing you might know, depending how far beyond Zebra you go.  - On Beyond Zebra. I will not eat them in a house, I   will not eat them with a mouse. I will not eat them in a box. I will not eat them with a fox. I will not eat them here or there, I will not eat them anywhere.   I do not like green eggs and ham. I do not like them, Sam I am.  Ã‚  - Green Eggs and Ham. This fox is a tricky fox. Hell try to get your tongue in trouble.  - Fox in Socks. The time has come. The time is now. Just go. Go. Go! I dont care how.      - Marvin K. Mooney Will You Please Go Now!

Rate the influence, based on your studies in this course, as well as Research Paper

Rate the influence, based on your studies in this course, as well as information from other sources, of the legislative bodies, - Research Paper Example Introduction Public policy is said to be a broad field whose principal utility is one of clarification about how the public policymaking and implementation process works (Nicholas, 1999, p. 348). Its formulation and implementation is composed of various factors which eventually influences the outcome. This paper hopes to identify and rate the various bodies and factors which influence the formulation and implementation of public policy, and would attempt to explain reasons why such amount of influence is made on public policy. Legislative Bodies Legislative bodies highly contribute to the formulation and to an extent, how a specific public policy may be implemented. The Legislature in the United States on the federal level, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives, not only has a role in the passage of laws, but also have other such powers provided under Article I Section 8 of the US Constitution which provides, thus, â€Å"Section 8. ... sures; To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States; To establish post offices and post roads; To promote  the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries; To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court; To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses against the law of nations; To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water; To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years; To provide and maintain a navy; To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces; To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions; To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful buildings;--And To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying

Speech Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Speech Evaluation - Essay Example The presentation I chose is that of Neurolife speech, the reason why I chose this speech is because of the position it which is first runners up. This presentation is both a persuasive and informative speech whereby the presenter uses techniques to make this audience to become interested in his message and also to prove his idea. The writer starts his speech with a small narrative and example of his ideas, by this he makes his presentation more interesting and this also helps in making the audience to be attentive.The use of statistics in his speech makes his idea more realistic and interesting to his viewers, through these the presenter is able to present his idea, the problem involved and the solution to the problem.At the end of your speech, return to the topic sentence and revise it. Ask for their assistance by challenging them to do something, summarizing the important points, and indicating your own intention to do something. Close with a strong appeal for action.The main aim o f this presentation is to persuade and at the same time inform the audience, the presenter directly conveys this method by presenting his case to his audience using statistics and at the same time facts of the idea.the presentation was organised in a logical manner whereby there was an introduction, followed by the problem statement, possible solutions and then the best solution and finally the recommendations, after this the presenter asked questions to be forwarded to him, the presenter uses an ascending order of points whereby he starts with an introduction and lastly finishes with the question part. The presenter motivates his audience by analysing the possible benefits and solutions to his idea, through this he motivates his audience to do exactly what he prefers to be done. Speech delivery: the presenter is good in presenting this speech in that he is not shy and is confident enough in that he presents his speech in the best way, he talks in a confident voice and the audience to not struggle to hear what he has to say because he talks in an audible volume level, the presenter also does not read his presentation from a source he rather reads out only the topic and then discusses the tropic without referring or reading from an other source, this shows that the presenter is confident. The presenter also has eye to eye contact with the audience and this is very help full as it motivates them to pay attention and also shows how much confident the presenter is with his idea. The standing posture is also very important in presentation, the presenter stands upright, moves from one position to another and he talks in a clear and confident voice taking necessarily breaks to avoid the change in tone or talk strains. The length of the speech is of good time period, the presenter does not take long to finish his presentation as very long speeches tend to be tiring and boring to the audience, therefore he adheres to time and presents his speech in the time provided.Conclusion: The presenter summarises his main points in his speech at the end, the presenter afterwards concludes is objective to the speech and asks for any question that the audience may have, he later thanks his audience and exits. This speech therefore is an example of a good speech whereby the presenter properly and logically brings out his main points and finally concludes having convinced his audience. the use of body language and direct eye to eye contact with the audience is a clear indication of confidence in the presenter and also with the idea he presents, he uses humour and questions in order to keep his audience to

The Three Models Of Memory Essay Example for Free

The Three Models Of Memory Essay Memory- Task 1 Evaluate the usefulness of the three models of memory (multi-store model, working memory model and the levels of processing model) and discuss practical implications of memory research. Atkinson and Shiffrins Multi- store Model of Memory (1968) hypothesises that there are three stores for memory; Sensory memory, short term memory (STM) and long term memory (LTM). The theory states that a memory passes through each of the stores and that the importance of the memory determines which store the memory is kept in and thus how long it is retained. This relatively simple model is supported by evidence from free recall experiments and from studies performed on patients with brain damage such as HM. An example of a free recall experiment is Murdock (1962) in which participants were shown lists, of differing lengths, of words for a period of one second, they were then asked to recall as many words as possible. Murdock found that the words at the beginning, primary effect, and end, recency effect, were recalled more accurately than those in the middle. This is known as the serial position effect and proves that there are two separate stores from which the memories were recalled, which supports the multi-store memory models short and long memory stores. Studies on brain damaged patients like HM (Milner et al, 1978), who began to suffer from anterograde amnesia after both of his hippocampi were removed in an operation, also support the working memory models theory that STM and LTM are separate stores. HM was able to recall memories from eleven years before the operation yet wasnt able to remember who was president of the United States and forgot who he was talking to as soon as he turned away (Jenni Ogden, PhD, 2012). It is argued however that the multi-store memory model oversimplifies the roles of the STM and LTM. Atkinson and Shiffren also failed to acknowledge the interaction between stores something which Baddeley and Hitch (1974) dealt with in their Working Memory Model. The idea that simple rehearsal accounts for the transfer of a memory from the STM to the LTM was also criticised as this doesnt take into account important events for example a car accident. Events such as this seem to immediately be stored in LTM again this is dealt with by another memory model, Craik and Lockheart (1972) Levels of Processing. The working memory model also fails to recognise memory improvement techniques, for example the method of loci which uses points on an imaginary journey as a  way of memorising particular items. Despite accurately theorising that the LTM and STM are separate stores the multi-store memory model fails to account for many instances in which the flow of memory doesnt follow the three store route and although accurate at the time, research has, over time, out dated it. In contrast Baddeley and Hitchs (1974) Working Memory Model states that a Central Executive allocates resources and decides how attention is directed, although it doesnt have any capacity it does hold memory long enough to direct attention. An Episodic Buffer then integrates the information and is used as a general storage space for acoustic and visual tips. The Phonological Loop holds and rehearses words and the Audio-Visual Sketchpad allows temporary holding of visual images. The intuitive Working Memory Model is far more complex than either the Multi-Store Model or the Levels of Processing and is high in face validity. The validity of each section of the Working Memory Model is supported through various differen t experiments such as Baddeley and Lewis’s (1981) study into the importance of the articulatory loop. By asking participants whether or not a sentence was meaningful, for example, â€Å"the cow ate the grass† or the â€Å"bone ate the dog†, under both normal conditions and when repeating something meaningless to stop them from using their articulatory loop. Doing this seriously reduced recall in the latter results. This, Baddeley and Lewis claimed, supported their theory of a presence of an articulatory loop. In a study by Baddeley et al (1975) the phonological loop was shown to be capable of holding two seconds of information. Baddeley et al (1975) asked participants to recall five words in correct order. What the experiment demonstrated was that it was the length of the word and not the discreetness that determined recall. However further studies have gone on to suggest that a determining factor is the time it takes to pronounce a word as opposed to its alphab etical length. James W. Stigler (1986) found in a study on digit memory in Chinese and English that children, used because they were less likely to have knowledge of memory improvement techniques, from China were more efficient at remembering numbers than their English speaking counterparts. This, Stigler theorises, is due to Chinese numbers being shorter to pronounce. The visuospatial scratchpad, referred to sometimes as the inner eye is what allows someone to remember shapes such as letters and visualise something that isnt there, for example, whether or  not your car would fit into a particular parking space. It can also allow us to hold static images and manipulate them, thus we are able to appreciate a layout of a particular area and find our way around (Psychology Resources, 2000). Logie (1995) argues that the visuo-spatial scratchpad is in fact far more complex and refers to it as the Visuo-spatial Working memory. This is supported by Baddeley and Lieberman (1980) whose pat tern of results suggest that visuo-spatial working memory did indeed comprise a system that was involved in visuo-spatial retention, in visuo-spatial perception, and in motor control. The Working Memory Model is high in face validity and despite being far more complex than either the Multi- Store Model or Levels of Processing Model is reinforced by various experiments. These experiments clearly present the different sections the Working Memory Model. It also takes into account things the other models do not, for example, the Working Memory Model allows for memory to pass directly into LTM without rehearsal, something Multi-Store and Levels of Processing do not, events that are traumatic or massively significant do not require rehearsal and this is something the Working Model addresses. As well as this Baddeley and Lewiss model is highly applicable to real world situations, for example, Baddeley et al (1975) showed the word length effect, a real world counterpart would be attempting to remember a shopping list. The only criticism of The Working Memory Model is the lack of information in regards to the Central Executive, however further investigation is required to discover what its capacity actually is. It is theorised that many accidents are caused by its limited capacity and that information on its exact capacity may have serious implication for accident control (Psychology Resources, 2000). Craik and Lockharts (1975) Levels of Processing Model focuses on the processes involved in memory instead of the stores/ structures (McLeod, 2007). Craik and Lockhart (1975) took a non-structured approach to the memory model, this was as a result of the criticism garnered by Atkinson and Shiffrens earlier Working Memory Model. The chief idea behind the Levels of Processing Model is that memory is a result of processing information and that length of memory is determined by the importance of the information, something referred to as depth of processing. Craik defined depth as the meaningfulness extracted from the  stimulus rather than in terms of the number of analyses performed upon it.† Orthographic processing is the simplest way in which we process information and thus, according to the model, the one which retains the least memory, it is also referred to as shallow processing. This when we consider the physical features of, for example, a word. Craik and Tulvig (1975) demonstrated this by asking is this word in capital letters? this requires you to only process the word physically. Similarly to the Multi-Store Model maintenance rehearsal is also required in order to retain memories the Levels of Processing Model deems shallow. Medium processing or phonological processing as its sometimes called is the second level of processing. This Craik and Lockhart hypothesise takes into account the acoustic value of a word, this they argue is deeper processing than orthographic because it requires you to process a sound instead of an image. Craik and Tulvig (1975) again demonstrated this by asking does this word rhyme with ? this activates your phonological processing as you have to process the word acoustically (Psychology Resource, 2000). The deepest level of processing is what Craik and Lockhart describe as semantic processing. Semantic processing is described by Robert Gallo as allowing subjects to encode more unique features from each word relative to surface processing . . . additional conceptual or semantic features help to differentiate the studied items from each other, making these memories less susceptible to interference . . . â€Å". Semantic processing requires the use of meaning to process a word, Craig and Tulvig (1975) asked would this word fit into a sentence? Jane bought some for dinner in answering the question you would have to process the meaning. The basis of the model is quite simple, the more you process the memory, the more likely you are to remember it. However the model fails to explain why this is the case, meaning the model is descriptive rather than explanatory. The model was the first to suggest that process used have an effect on memory and has had implications on memory improvement techniques, for example, the Method of Loci is the process of placing things at various  points of a journey in order to make them more memorable, this is semantic processing. What there isnt is a way in which processing can be measured, Baddeley (1978) points out that well remembered events are attributed as deeply processed however because of this the argument that deep processing equals better recall is circular and thus cannot be tested (Psychology Resource, 2000). Memory research is crucial in many areas and none more so than in Eyewitness testimony. This is a legal term that is often used, and respected in a court of law. A jury can find eyewitness testimony a reliable source of information however research into memory has shown that it may not be as reliable as previously thought. Elizabeth Loftus theorises that memory under any circumstances is subject to inaccuracy and that there are many wrongful convictions every year as a result of faulty eyewitness testimony. Loftus et al. (1987) showed subjects of slides of a customer in a restaurant. In one version the customer was holding a gun, in the other the same person held a chequebook. Those who saw the gun version tended to focus on the gun. Thus they were less likely to identify the customer in a line-up as those who had seen the chequebook version. Clifford and Scott (1978) also supports Loftuss theory. They found after showing participants a film of a violent attack that recall was less t han a control group who saw something less stressful and were able to recall 40 items of information. However this gun focus theory has been challenged by Yuille and Cutshall (1986) who found that witnesses to a real shooting in Canada had remarkable accurate memories of the event. This contradicts both Loftus et al (1987) and Clifford and Scott (1978). This leads us to believe that memory recall in stressful situations can be subject to very different levels of interpretation. Where Loftus et al (1987) shows us clearly that people focus on, potentially the most shocking item. Yuille and Cutshall (1986) challenge that by using a real event to show some may be able to recall accurately. However this only goes to highlight the radical differences seen in eyewitness testimony. References: Jenni Ogden, Ph.D. (2012). HM, the Man with No Memory.

The Epic Poem, Beowulf - Vengeance and Revenge in Beowulf Essay

Vengeance and Revenge in Beowulf    The oldest of the great lengthy poems written in English and perhaps the lone survivor of a genre of Anglo-Saxon epics, Beowulf, was written by an unknown Christian author at a date that is only estimated.   Even so, it is a remarkable narrative story in which the poet reinvigorates the heroic language, style, and values of Germanic oral poetry.   He intertwines a number of themes including good and evil, youth and old age, paganism and Christianity and the heroic ideal code, into his principal narrative and numerous digressions and episodes; all of which were extremely important to his audience at the time.   Vengeance, part of the heroic code, was regarded differently by the two distinct religions.   Christianity teaches to forgive those who trespass against us, whereas in the pagan world, revenge is typical and not considered an evil act.   In Beowulf, the ancient German proverb "revenge does not long remain unrevenged" is strictly adhered to and verifies that revenge is part of pagan tradition. Two human relationships were deeply significant to the Germanic society.   The most important, the relationship between the warrior and his lord was based on a common trust and respect.   The warrior vows loyalty to his lord and serves and defends him and in turn the lord takes care of the warrior and rewards him lavishly for his valour.   The second human relationship was between kinsmen.   As Baker and Ogilvy suggest, a special form of loyalty was involved in the blood feud. (P.107)   If one of his kinsmen had been slain, a man had an ethical obligation either to kill the slayer or to exact the payment of wergild in compensation.   The price was determined upon the rank or social status of the victim... ... view was "an eye for an eye," if a man kills your kinsmen you exact revenge.   On the contrary, the Christian view was more like as Mohandas Gandhi said "An eye for eye only ends up making the whole world blind."   Christians believed God would inevitability do what is right and would rather turn the other cheek then have it result in more blood and murder.   Throughout the poem, the poet strives to accommodate these two sets of values.   Though he is Christian, he cannot negate the fundamental pagan values of the narrative story. Works Cited and Consulted: Abrams, M.H., ed.   Beowulf: The Norton Anthology of English Literature.   New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2001.   Baker, Donald C. and J.D.A. Ogilvy.   Reading Beowulf.   Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1983. Earl, James W.   Thinking About Beowulf.   Stanford: Stanford University Press: 1994.

Freshman Fifteen English Paper

First Draft The Future of America: Freshmen 15 Crisis As obesity rates continue to rise worldwide, the U. S. sets an example of culturally influenced weight problems and therefore ranks ninth out the ten of the fattest countries, according to the World Health Organization (Streib). College campuses in the U. S. are the perfect example of cultural weight gain. At Towson University, the large number of freshman gaining the stereotypical â€Å"freshman 15† can be explained by poor eating and exercising habits developed in college and the university's dining options. A lot of incoming students come into college already aware of what the freshman 15 is but still manage to develop horrid eating habits. A great way to help solve such an issue is to inform students about this health issue that is only continuing to flourish. To do this universities need to step of to this nationwide concern and include a health and wellness component to our Univ. 100 classes in which students will learn what they should eat and what habits to avoid. Despite what some optimistic researchers say, the freshman 15 is real. Some have argued that most freshmen are doing better with their diet now than in the past; however we are still gaining around eight pounds a year (â€Å"Some†). It is difficult to go from a controlled and routine schedule of eating and exercising at home to the free world of choices at college. In his recent work Daniel Hoffman, a professor at Rutgers University, points out that it is â€Å"perhaps most important for students to recognize that seemingly minor and perhaps even harmless changes in eating or exercise behavior may result in large changes in weight and body fat mass over an extended period of time† (Hoffman). The fact is that students are not leaving home prepared enough for the world of late night pizza and consumption of alcohol that characterizes most students’ college years. If a nutrition lecture or a healthy lifestyle class were mandatory for incoming students it would provide a new perspective on diet and health. After becoming notified on the issue students can find their own routine of a well balanced diet and an hour of exercise per day at school. If students were informed they could start researching nutritional facts on what food they should eat and what time of the day would best to consume it. Professor Elizabeth Klasen from the University of Wisconsin insists this national phenomenon can be â€Å"attributed to dorm food, and may be associated with altered meal and sleep patterns† (Klasen). Students are forced upon sleeping abnormal hours along with eating unhealthy food consumption at inappropriate times, making it difficult to for them to eat fewer than 2000 calories or even exercise the recommended 15 minutes a day. It is difficult to maintain a healthy balanced diet on a college campus that is filled with fast food like diners and limits students to only fifteen dollars of food a day, making the alternative of more expensive and healthier foods not an realistic option. This inconvenience of healthy food and convenience of junk food was â€Å"all it took for freshmen to gain seven pounds over two semesters† in a 2006 Rutgers study (â€Å"Some†). For those students, the difference between maintaining a healthy weight and gaining seven pounds â€Å"was about 112 extra calories a day. That's one soda or half a cookie a day, or 10 minutes less of exercise† (â€Å"Some†). For instance, to get a healthy meal at one of Towson’s diners, let’s say a pre-made salad, you have to pay six dollars and wait in a mile-long line. Then, as you are standing in that line you look over and see a non-existent line for that slice of pizza and start to think to yourself, Why should I pay three times more for this salad and wait in line for 15 minutes when I only have 20 minutes until my next class, when I could go grab that last piece of pizza? Unfortunately, college presents even more opportunities for students to eat poorly, since most students stay up late to study, do last-minute homework after procrastinating all day, or hang out with friends after a party. Whether or not college students are aware of what they are doing to their bodies, researchers know that the â€Å"food eaten between 8 p. m. and 4 a. m. [is] a leading contributor to weight gain,† making the most active part of a college student’s day the most detrimental to his health (â€Å"Some†). One study from the University of Wisconsin attempts to explain this phenomenon through â€Å"Night Eating Syndrome (NES), which is associated with overweight and obesity and involves consumption of over 50% of daily calories after 7 pm† (Klasen). What’s surprising is how easy it is to get food that late at night. Specifically, Campusfood. com, a common college food supplier, gives options for students to order 1000-calorie meals delivered conveniently to their dorm steps at 2:00 a. m. The number of fast-food delivery places that open at such a late time is absurd; these restaurants are helping America gain the freshman 15 one pizza at a time. During the first semester of their freshman year in college, students will be preoccupied with many things, like which classes they will take, how well they will do in those classes, which activities they want to devote their time to, which people they want to hang with, and whether or not they will have enough money to do fun things off campus (Gonzalez). People who believe that college weight gain is a natural occurrence argue that students need to focus on more important aspects of school such as their grades, making friends, and getting involved in clubs, rather than spending time worrying about an unproven stereotype of weight gain. However, the fact that students are gaining weight is proven. As the aforementioned studies show, the freshman 15 is real, and it is affecting the lives of college freshman across the country. Freshmen are gaining weight because of eating habits they develop during the first semester. Poor food options do increase the chances of gaining weight. Freshmen do gain weight because of the convenience and availability of unhealthy food on campuses. It is true that students should concentrate on grades and other college activities however this is not an excuse to pig out and throw health concerns out the window. Missouri Western State University did a study that showed â€Å"higher GPA was associated with less consumption of fast food and higher GPA was also associated with the amount of meals an individual skipped per day: the fewer meals skipped the greater the GPA† (Costa). Apparently students’ grades are affected by what they eat. The belief that students should not worry about the â€Å"freshman 15† because they should worry about their grades is incorrect. If students concentrate on eating well their grades will reflect their good habits. The â€Å"freshman 15† is a phrase that represents a bigger dilemma, because is not just something that takes place during the first year in college. It’s not just freshman gaining weight, sophomores and upper classmen do to. Researcher Elizabeth Lloyd-Richardson, assistant professor of psychiatry and human behavior at Brown University Medical School did a study that â€Å"found students are weighing in at two to three pounds heavier post-sophomore year† (Rosenberg). Bad eating habits and lack of exercise start with freshmen. But since nothing is done to correct those habits students continue through the rest of their college years and after. Fitness Director Stacy Trukowski is cited by Rutgers University’s newspaper, Relations, saying, â€Å"Most people fail to gain control of their weight gain from early adulthood. Although gaining an average of seven pounds is not as alarming as 15, the pounds will surely add up over time† (Rosenberg). Unfortunately college students see weight gain from the time they enter school to the time they leave. Trukowski credits this to â€Å"drinking and eating at night and lifestyle changes they are not used to† (Rosenberg). With this evidence of continuous lifelong weight gain resulting from habits developed in college, it is surprising that colleges are not doing anything to prevent this issue. This problem may be related to rising obesity rates in America. Professor Levitisky from the college of human ecology at Cornell University found that â€Å"freshman weight gain could be the same phenomenon that is contributing to the epidemic of obesity among all Americans–that a relatively small increase in calories each day or week has the cumulative effect of adding a significant amount of weight over the years†(Land). Professor Levitisky’s study puts into perspective how important freshman weight gain is. Eating habits learned as freshmen stick with them and are harder to change as years go by. Universities need to confront this issue and take precautionary measures to help prevent future concerns. A course for incoming freshman to learn about the â€Å"freshman 15† and how to avoid it would be a great first step. Long Island University’s freshman College 101 course sets a good example of what could be used at Towson University. The course had a great proposal to teach students by having nutrition communication students present information about freshmen weight gain in a mandatory orientation class (Thomas). Since Towson University already has freshman Health 101 lecture classes, the class should dedicate at least one day in the semester to diet and exercise education. This way teacher could reduce the number of freshman gaining weight during the first semester. A Univ. 101 health and wellness component lecture would teach students how to develop healthy eating habits that would then help them for the rest of their lives. For example, they would learn what foods to avoid and what time they should avoid eating. There could be seminars in which juniors and seniors majoring in nutrition come in and talk about available foods on campus and nutritional facts along with what a good college campus diet looks like and how it can be achieved. In this class students would also develop a weekly health plan. This health plan would be incorporated into a personal log in which students would record how have exercised that week and how many times they ate late at night. This would help students analyze their bodies and realize what a simple lifestyle change could do. Studies like ones done University of California at Berkley show students who record their eating habits are more likely to witness their mistakes and correct them (Hom). The overall goal for this class is for freshmen to stop picking up bad habits during their first semester and stick with their good habits for the rest of their lives. The freshman 15 is an issue that needs to be taken care through an education system that teaches healthy diet and exercise options. Learning about proper eating habits will stop students from initially gaining weight in college and help prevent future obesity problems. If colleges implement programs to help solve this dilemma then it might be possible to help reduce America’s growing obesity concerns.

Sexism in Sherlock Holmes

Sexism can be identified as being prejudice towards someone or for stereotyping or discriminating them, on the basis of gender. However, Sherlock Holmes is not sexist within the book, dramatization and modernized episode. In the novel, â€Å"A Scandal in Bohemia† by Conan Doyle, the protagonist Sherlock Holmes is not portrayed to be a sexist character. To begin with, Sherlock insists on having Doctor John Watson remain alongside with him. Just before the King of Bohemia enters for his consultation with Sherlock Holmes regarding his case, Watson offers to leave but Sherlock responds by saying, â€Å"[n]ot a bit, Doctor. Stay where you are. I am lost without my Boswell†¦ it would be a pity to miss it. † (5). Sherlock invites Doctor Watson to stay in the room before the King of Bohemia comes in. This shows that Sherlock cares for having his friend and colleague in the room when he is working. Sherlock is not discriminating against the male sex because Doctor Watson is a male figure and Sherlock wants him to stay so that way he can record any details and understand all that is going on and afterwards help him with their case. Furthermore, Sherlock Holmes addresses Irene Adler in a respectful manner. After the great scandal that threatened the Kingdom of Bohemia is resolved, Doctor Watson says Sherlock, â€Å"[w]hen he speaks of Irene Adler, or when he refers to her photograph, it is always under the honorable title of the woman. † (13). Whenever Sherlock is speaking of Irene Adler he uses the term ‘the woman’, which is not used as a demeaning term. Instead it is a title that Sherlock’s uses to show his respect for Irene. Since Sherlock has respect for Irene it illustrates that he is not sexist against women. Therefore, Sherlock Holmes is not sexist because he insists of having Doctor Watson remain alongside with him and addresses Irene in a respectful manner. Within the dramatization â€Å"A Scandal in Bohemia† directed by Paul Annett, again Sherlock Holmes is also not depicted as a sexist character. Firstly, Sherlock Holmes is attracted to someone of the opposite sex. When Sherlock Holmes said â€Å"Irene Adler had a face that any man would die for†, he preferred to take her photograph to a rich ring from the King of Bohemia’s finger. Sherlock clearly finds Irene Adler to be beautiful and would much rather keep her picture then the King’s ring. Sherlock is very attracted to Irene since she outwitted him. He thinks highly of Irene as opposed to being sexist against her. Moreover, Sherlock supports the marriage between a male and a female. When Irene and Norton are about to get married, they need a witness for their marriage to be legalized. Therefore Sherlock who is in disguise witnesses the marriage between the two. The fact that Sherlock is there to witness their marriage shows that he indeed supports the wedding between the two. He is not displaying any sexism towards either males or females in this example, because he is not discriminating against them or favoring one gender over the other. For these reasons, Sherlock is not sexist in the dramatization because he is attracted to someone of the opposite sex and he supports a marriage between both a male and female. Lastly the modernized episode from the television show â€Å"Sherlock† is based upon on â€Å"The Scandal in Belgravia†. Here Sherlock Holmes is not represented to be a sexist character. Firstly, Sherlock Holmes puts his own life in danger to protect a woman. When the American CIA’s harmed Mrs. Hudson, Sherlock became angry and killed all of them. This shows that Sherlock cares for Mrs. Hudson. Although the CIA’s were well equipped with guns that could easily harm them all, Sherlock was determined to save Mrs. Hudson. Since Sherlock put his own life at risk to protect Mrs. Hudson’s, it shows that he is not sexist against women, especially when he saved the life of one. In addition, Sherlock Holmes saves the life of another female. At the end of the episode when the Karachi terrorist group were about to chop off Irene’s head, Sherlock rescues her. Sherlock helps Irene escape when she was on the brink of death. If Sherlock was sexist, then he would have let Irene die. However, he cannot let anyone be cruel to her which demonstrates that he is not sexist against females. Therefore, Sherlock Holmes is not sexist in the modernized episode because he saves the lives of two women. All in all, I believe that Sherlock Holmes is not represented as a sexist character in the book, dramatization and If only one dramatization between the two that we watched in class were to survive, I would choose the dramatization of the episode â€Å"A Scandal in Belgravia† from the television series â€Å"Sherlock†. I would choose this version because it is a modern version based on the book. As time has pass, it is difficult for people to follow along and understand the English language that has been spoken in the past. Thus it will be easier for the future generation to understand this version because the language is English from the twenty first century, as opposed to the other dramatization which was made in twentieth century. Also, this dramatization expands on the storyline. There are a lot more scenes added such as the hiker dying with the boomerang in the beginning or Irene Adler almost being killed at the end. These scenes make the episode more action packed and intriguing to watch. Also, this dramatization introduces more advanced technology such as the camera phone, internet blogs, modern firearms and a science laboratory that holds advanced equipment. Not only that but more characters are introduced such as Sherlock’s Holmes brother, Moycroft, the CIA group and Moriarty, who all make the episode very entertaining! In addition, it has more appealing genres then just mystery, there is action, romance, and comedy. Furthermore, the entire cast for the television series has wonderful acting skills. Its two stars, Benedict Cumberbatch, who plays Sherlock Holmes, and Martin Freeman, who plays Doctor Watson, they have such amazing chemistry. They make the episode livelier and humorous to watch. Therefore, I believe that the modernized dramatization should survive because it is easier to follow along through the vocabulary, it expands on the plot and has an amazing selection of wonderful actors and actresses.

13 Most Common North American Pine Species

13 Most Common North American Pine Species Pine is a coniferous tree  in the genus Pinus, in the family Pinaceae. There are about 115 species of pines worldwide, although different authorities accept between 105 and 125 species. Pines are native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. Pines are evergreen and resinous trees (rarely shrubs). The smallest pine is Siberian Dwarf Pine and Potosi Pinyon, and the tallest pine is Sugar Pine. Pines are among the most plentiful and commercially important of tree species, valued for their timber and wood pulp throughout the world. In temperate and semi-tropical regions, pines are fast-growing softwoods that will grow in relatively dense stands, their acidic decaying needles inhibiting the sprouting of competing hardwoods. They are often grown in plantation managed forests for both lumber and paper. The Common North American Pines There are actually 36 major species of native pines in North America. They are the most ubiquitous  conifer in the United States, easily recognized by most people and very successful in maintaining solid and valuable stands. Pines are especially widespread and predominant in the Southeast and on drier sites in the Western mountains. Here are the most common and valuable pines that are native to the United States and Canada. Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus)Western white pine (Pinus monticola)Sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana)Red pine (Pinus resinosa)Pitch pine (Pinus rigida)Jack pine (Pinus banksiana)Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris)Shortleaf pine (Pinus  echinata)Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)Slash pine (Pinus elliottii) Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana)Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) Major Characteristics of the Pines Sigrid Intraligi / EyeEm  / Getty Images   Leaves: All of these common pines have needles in bundles of between 2 and 5 needles and wrapped (sheathed) together with paper-thin scales that attach to the twig. The needles in these bundles become the trees leaf that persists for two years before dropping as the tree continues to grow new needles every year. Even as the needles are dropping bi-annually, the pine maintains its evergreen appearance.   Deva Botyt / EyeEm  / Getty Images Cones: Pines have two types of cones - one to produce pollen and one to develop and drop seeds. The smaller pollen cones are attached to new shoots and produce a  massive amount of pollen every year. The larger woody cones are seed-bearing cones and mostly attached to limbs on short stalks or  stalkless sessile attachments. Pine cones usually mature in the second year, dropping a winged seed from between each cone scale. Depending on the species of pine, empty cones may drop off immediately after seed fall or hang on for several years or many years. Some pines have fire cones that only open after the heat from a wildland or prescribed fire releases the seed. Donald E. Hall  / Getty Images Bark and Limbs: A pine species with smooth bark generally grows in an environment where a fire is limited. Pine species that have adapted to a fire ecosystem will have scaly and furrowed bark. A conifer, when seen with tufted needles on stout limbs is confirmation that the tree is in the genus Pinus.

Moi Non Plus - French Expression Explained

Moi Non Plus - French Expression Explained The French expression moi non plus ​(pronounced [mwa no(n) plu]) expresses agreement with a negative statement. Its the equivalent of the English statement me neither or neither do I. It literally translates to me no more and its register is normal.  Note that moi can be replaced by a name, a noun, or another stressed pronoun: Pierre non plus - neither does Pierre, Pierre doesnt eithermon mari non plus - neither does my husband, my husband doesnt eitherles professeurs non plus - neither do teachers, teachers dont eithertoi non plus / vous non plus - you either, neither do yoului non plus - him either, neither does heelle non plus - her either, neither does shenous non plus - us either, neither do weeux non plus / elles non plus - them either, neither do they Examples Tu naimes pas le jazz ? Moi non plus.You dont like jazz? Me neither / Neither do I. Sandrine ne veut pas y aller, et moi non plus.Sandrine doesnt want to go, and neither do I. Nous navons pas dargent, toi non plus ?We dont have any money, you (dont) either? Je ne peux pas taider, et Dany non plus.I cant help you, and neither can Dany. You can also use non plus with a negative adverb or pronoun:Je naime pas le jazz non plus.I dont like jazz either. Il ne parle personne non plus.Hes not talking to anyone either. And you can use non plus on its own, in which case there is no simple English equivalent: -Nous navons pas de thà ©.-Et du cafà © ?-Non plus.-We dont have any tea.-What about coffee?-(We dont have) that either.

Amazon-Branded Smartphones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Amazon-Branded Smartphones - Essay Example Have you heard about OpenSSL or SSL? SSL means Secure Sockets Layer. It is responsible for hiding your information if you logged in on a certain website. It is also responsible for hiding administrators’ and webmaster’s credentials for a particular site. What is OpenSSL then? It’s open-source software. SSL is being implemented across the web using OpenSSL. OpenSSL is a component of a widely used program to run a website like Apache and Nginx. Hence, a vast number of websites are at high risk of Heartbleed. Â  Most questions raised by internet users if it is safe to change their passwords in the midst of the big issues. It is advised that if the site’s operator does not confirm yet that a particular site is already safe from Heartbleed, stay calm, and reset your passwords if it’s already safe. There is no effect if you are going to change your passwords in the midst of the vulnerability issues and would just give hackers the chance to discover your new passwords. Is there a way a user can check if the site he joined in is vulnerable of Heartbleed? Yes. LastPass is a program and a great tool for checking if a website is secure or infected by Heartbleed. It will check the website’s very core if it has traces of OpenSSL vulnerability. LastPass, aside from checking a website security, it will also give a free access to its tool that will remember all the user’s passwords. LastPass will encrypt and protect passwords. The user will then access his online accounts using a single login password or entry through LastPass. Â  The most important thing that we can do during this unsecured times is to stay calm. We can do a lot of things to protect our accounts online, but we can only do the best response to Heartbleed if we will stay calm. Don’t panic. If you are a banker online, do not worry, because most bank accounts do not use OpenSSL.